Annual Report FY2021-2022https://www.spgroup.com.sg/dam/spgroup/pdf/annual-reports/Annual-Report-Year-20212022.pdfRegistration Number: 199406577N | SP Power Limited and its subsidiaries CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 “I believe that with the strong partnership forged with our stakeholders, we will remain committed to creating greater value for our customers and empowering the future of energy together.” The past year has been a test of resilience, agility and unity. Reflecting on SP Group’s performance, it has been a remarkable year on several counts. Despite unprecedented challenges and constraints posed by the pandemic, supply chain disruptions and a labour crunch, we concluded the year with a record electricity supply interruption performance, exceeded targets for gas operations and workplace safety, and attained an all-time high employee engagement. As a provider of essential energy services, SP Group has been steadfast in ensuring reliable and secure supply of electricity and gas for our customers, amidst change and transformation around us. With the gradual easing of safe management measures, we have doubled our efforts in asset maintenance and renewal works to ensure long-term network reliability. Recognising climate change imperatives, we have stepped up efforts in developing sustainable energy solutions. We have expanded our low-carbon footprint in Singapore and overseas, providing energy solutions through district cooling, electromobility and renewable energy investments. The difficult operating environment has not deterred us from continued investment in building capabilities as we pursue technology, people development and process innovation, and maintain a strong financial position to meet future needs. MANAGING RELIABLE NETWORKS Our teams work round the clock to run robust operations of the grid, delivering reliable power and gas supply to more than 1.6 million commercial, industrial and residential customers in Singapore. - 2 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 Efforts spanning asset planning, renewal and maintenance have contributed to a record network reliability performance. On average last year, a customer experienced a record low 6.6 seconds of electricity interruption and 11.9 seconds of gas interruption. In the past year, we completed 18 renewal projects, and replaced 140km of cables, 263 transformers and 1,044 switchgear panels in our electricity distribution infrastructure. We invest in infrastructure and technology such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. This enables us to conduct comprehensive real-time monitoring, trend analysis and diagnostics so as to predict and manage future network problems before they occur. Forty critical distribution substations have been installed with online condition monitoring equipment, with another 99 more in the pipeline. In anticipation of growth in electricity demand, electrification and renewable and distributed energy deployment, there is a need for a - 3 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 high-fidelity digital replica of Singapore’s future electricity grid. SP is developing a Grid Digital Twin, an innovative in-house creation to better plan, operate and maintain the national power grid through modelling, simulations, condition monitoring and asset health analysis. We draw on up-to-date information from over 12,000 substations across our entire electricity network. As part of our gas asset renewal and maintenance programme, we concluded an open tank inspection for a gas holder and successfully completed the renewal of two town gas offtake stations. Another seven stations are scheduled for completion in the next three years. Our Technical Officer performing condition monitoring of our electricity asset We carried out projects to lay more than 70km of durable polyethylene pipes to replace ageing ductile iron pipelines, thereby reducing the risk of gas leakage. Another key milestone was the completion of the in-line inspection operations for a subsea gas pipeline connecting Indonesia to Singapore to ensure integrity of the pipeline. We have adopted new technologies such as the implementation of a new gas enterprise asset management system. These initiatives will optimise operational effectiveness and enable us to better assess the condition of our assets in order to facilitate timely replacement and minimise unplanned interruption. SP is driving the national rollout of smart meters to help customers optimise their energy efficiency. We have installed 648,000 advanced electricity meters for businesses and households. Under the project awarded by PUB in 2021 to supply, install and manage smart water meters, we are making steady progress in rolling out 309,100 smart water meters under the first phase of PUB’s Smart Water Meter Programme. With these meters, commercial and residential customers can track their electricity and water consumption, better understand their usage patterns and achieve better efficiency. - 4 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 UPHOLDING SAFETY STANDARDS We carried out projects to lay more than 70km of durable polyethylene pipes to replace ageing ductile iron pipelines, thereby reducing the risk of gas leakage. Another key milestone was the completion of the in-line inspection operations for a subsea gas pipeline connecting Indonesia to Singapore to ensure integrity of the pipeline. We have adopted new technologies such as the implementation of a new gas enterprise asset management system. These initiatives will optimise operational effectiveness and enable us to better assess the condition of our assets in order to facilitate timely replacement and minimise unplanned interruption. SP is driving the national rollout of smart meters to help customers optimise their energy efficiency. We have installed 648,000 advanced electricity meters for businesses and households. Under the project awarded by PUB in 2021 to supply, install and manage smart water meters, we are making steady progress in rolling out 309,100 smart water meters under the first phase of PUB’s Smart Water Meter Programme. With these meters, commercial and residential customers can track their electricity and water consumption, better understand their usage patterns and achieve better efficiency. ACHIEVING STRONG FINANCIAL OUTLOOK As with all industries and markets around the world, we have grappled with a challenging and rapidly changing external environment. Despite this, SP has delivered another year of solid financial performance, staying the course in achieving our Strategy 2030 launched two years ago. For the year ended 31 March 2022, the Group recorded a Net Profit After Tax of S$2 billion after a one-time gain of S$1.1 billion (net of tax) due to the divestment of our stake in our investment in AusNet Services, to Brookfields Group. Including a special dividend of S$2 billion arising from the divestment, we will be declaring a record dividend of S$2.47 billion in the next financial year. Moody’s has raised the long-term credit ratings of Singapore Power, SP PowerAssets and SP Group Treasury from Aa2 to Aa1. Together with the upgrade by S&P in July 2021, SP Group is now rated Aa1 by Moody’s and AA+ by S&P. This signals the strong financial position of the SP Group. The updated ratings also represent the highest credit ratings that SP Group has achieved since 2003. - 5 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 TOWARDS A LOW CARBON, SMART ENERGY FUTURE We develop and invest in solutions to enable the integration of more renewable energy sources in Singapore’s energy mix. We are accelerating the development of greener buildings and cities to achieve Singapore’s ambitious sustainability targets. outcomes captured under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 9 which are to ensure access to affordable, clean and sustainable energy for all, build reliable infrastructure, promote inclusion and industrialisation, and foster innovation. In our Sustainability Review, we outline progress in our Strategy 2030, with initiatives and SP is the largest district cooling solutions provider in Singapore. In the past year, we welcomed five - 6 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 new upcoming developments to our flagship Marina Bay network, expanding our district cooling services to a total of 28 buildings that will benefit from our energy-efficient cooling services by 2026. This will help reduce almost 20,000 tonnes of carbon emissions annually, equivalent to removing 17,672 cars off our roads. SP continues to make progress with the expansion of our district cooling solutions to residential areas including Tampines and the upcoming Tengah housing estate by 2023. We are building Singapore’s largest industrial district cooling system that will serve ST Microelectronics (ST) at its Ang Mo Kio Technopark premises. Built in partnership with Daikin, it will have a cooling capacity of up to 36,000 refrigerant tonnes (RT), reaping 20 per cent savings in cooling-related electricity consumption for ST annually. When operational in 2025, the system will enable ST to reduce carbon emissions by up to 120,000 tonnes a year at the premises, equivalent to taking 109,090 cars off the road. Tampines will be Singapore’s first town centre to be retrofitted with SP’s cooling solution. Seven buildings will be plugged into SP’s distributed district cooling network, which is specially engineered for brownfield developments. The network will be completed and operational in 2025. In collaboration with the Housing and Development Board, we are progressing well in developing Singapore’s first residential centralised - 7 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 cooling system for up to 22,000 households at the upcoming Tengah housing estate by 2023. As at 31 May 2022, there are 7,616 households – 90 per cent of units allocated – that have opted for SP’s centralised cooling solution. When these projects are completed, SP will be operating a total of 158,200 RT of cooling capacity, reinforcing SP’s position as the largest provider of district cooling solutions in Singapore. SP is the operator of Singapore's largest public high-speed EV charging network. SP is making strides in decarbonising Singapore’s transportation system. To accelerate our nation’s transition to electric mobility, we are building an extensive and highly accessible electric vehicle (EV) charging network across Singapore. With 525 EV charging points at over 100 locations as at 31 May 2022, SP is the operator of Singapore's largest public high-speed EV charging network. A first in Southeast Asia, SP rolled out a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology trial in 2021 to test and verify the possibility of tapping energy stored in EVs. This is to enhance grid reliability in order to support more than 600,000 vehicles when Singapore phases out internal combustion engine vehicles by 2040. - 8 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 A first in Southeast Asia, SP rolled out the vehicle-to-grid technology trial to enhance grid reliability as Singapore phases out internal combustion engine vehicles. We are partnering Sembcorp Industries and Sarawak Energy to undertake a feasibility study for the development of cross-border transmission infrastructure for power exchange between Sarawak and Singapore. SP is deploying expertise in renewable energy solutions across several industrial and commercial properties. Last year, we deepened our partnership with Sembcorp Marine to deploy 4 MWp of solar energy across seven rooftops at the Tuas Boulevard Yard. With the additional rooftop solar installation, the yard’s solar power capacity of 8.5 MWp will deliver up to 10,400 MWh of electricity annually – enough to power more than 2,300 four-room flats per year. The solar energy generated will be integrated and optimised via SP’s Green Energy Tech (GETTM) to provide intelligent and reliable energy management to realise significant energy savings. With solutions like GET TenantCare, a smart and automated tenant sub-metering solution powered by SP Digital’s advanced metering infrastructure, we are empowering commercial customers, building owners and landlords to manage tenant utilities consumption efficiently. To date, 31 buildings, including Tampines Town Council, Defence Science and Technology Agency and Mercatus Co-operative Limited (Mercatus), are onboard the GET programme. Mercatus will deploy SP’s GET solutions and more than 700 smart electricity meters at three of its properties, namely AMK Hub, One Marina Boulevard and Jurong Point. Our suite of digital - 9 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 solutions will help building owners enhance their operational efficiency, allowing them to deliver greater value to their tenants while advancing their own sustainability agenda. The SP app is a key enabler for our sustainable energy solutions to be accessible and convenient for consumers. As at 31 May 2022, the app has been downloaded 1.58 million times. Users benefit from tools, developed by SP Digital, that shape green lifestyle practices. Ground-up initiatives like GreenUp encourage users to take up sustainable and practical challenges and earn rewards. LEADING IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN ASIA PACIFIC SP will deploy district cooling and heating, smart metering, energy management and monitoring solutions to transform the city of Wuhou to a smart eco-district. With our established track record in Singapore, there is growing demand for SP’s expertise in sustainable energy solutions in regional markets. In China, SP is partnering the Wuhou district, to transform the largest of five city centre districts in Chengdu, to a smart eco-district. SP will deploy district cooling and heating, smart metering, energy management and monitoring solutions to accelerate the city’s urban renewal masterplan. The project is a testament of SP’s expertise and capabilities in these low-carbon, smart energy solutions. Also underway are distributed solar projects in Shandong and Sichuan provinces. In Vietnam, we established our presence in Ho Chi Minh City and entered into a joint venture with Bamboo Capital Group Energy to develop 500MWp of rooftop solar assets power for - 10 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 commercial and industrial customers. The joint venture has been welcomed by the market, as evidenced by the agreement with Vinamilk – Vietnam’s largest dairy company – for us to install rooftop solar across its nine factories and seven farms. We have inked a memorandum of understanding with Banpu NEXT to develop sustainable energy solutions in Thailand including district cooling, cross-border renewable energy certificates platform and distributed solar projects. EMPOWERING OUR PEOPLE We believe an engaged workforce is one where people are valued and equipped to contribute optimally. Notwithstanding the challenges of working with pandemic restrictions, our all-time high Employee Engagement Survey score of 87 per cent gives confidence of the strong commitment of our workforce to Strategy 2030 and our brand position of empowering the future of energy. We concluded four Collective Agreements with the Union of Power and Gas Employees. Various enhancements have been introduced including salary ranges, medical subsidies, and benefits to promote health, fitness and family bonding. As we develop the capabilities of our people and equip them for transformation in the energy landscape, we invested S$8 million and a total of 179,000 training hours last year. SP appointed seven senior engineers as Technical Experts to groom the next generation of engineers in emerging areas such as High-Pressure Gas Engineering, Condition Monitoring and Power Quality. - 11 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 To deepen engineering knowledge and capabilities, we have introduced a Technical Expert development scheme and appointed seven senior engineers as our initial batch of Technical Experts. Backed by their wealth of knowledge and experience, they are mentors in grooming the next generation of engineers in emerging areas such as High-Pressure Gas Engineering, Condition Monitoring and Power Quality. With growing concerns about mental well-being, we have introduced a holistic series of initiatives under SP’s Workplace Health Programme for our 3,600 strong workforce. An Employee Assistance Programme was set up to offer a counselling channel to help staff deal with personal and work-related issues. Close to 100 of our staff have been trained as Care Ambassadors to render peer support and provide relevant assistance to colleagues who wish to seek professional help. SUPPORTING VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES SP has donated S$1.35 million to the Institute of Technical Education to set up the SP Group Engineering Study Award. We have remained steadfast in giving back to the community, through staff volunteerism, philanthropy and skills-based contributions. Last year, SP’s corporate social responsibility contributions totalled S$4.5 million in donations, sponsorships and volunteer manpower. In our annual SP Power Packs Charity Drive, we have committed a record high S$1.1 million to benefit 10,000 families, many of whom are seniors from low-income household. This five-fold increase from previous years enables us to provide more vulnerable families with essentials and care kits to guard against the pandemic. - 12 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE 2022 SP has extended support to youth by donating S$1.35 million to the Institute of Technical Education to set up the SP Group Engineering Study Award. The funds will provide monthly financial support to 450 engineering school students from low-income families over the next three years. Since the launch of SP Kids at Heart in July 2021, SP Heart Workers – our staff volunteers – have put in time and effort to pack and deliver learning resources to pre-schoolers from low-income families, as part of our ongoing support to KidSTART. With the support of our business associates and the public, we raised S$1.8 million for the SP Heartware Fund towards programmes for seniors and pre-schoolers last year, making it a total of S$18 million since 2005. United in Singapore’s pandemic defence, our team of call agents doubled up as Home Recovery Buddies at MOH’s Case Management Contact Centre, to support those who have tested positive for COVID-19. Our call centre has also served as the public hotline for Temasek Foundation’s Stay Prepared initiatives and handled more than 180,000 phone calls during the provision of free face masks, hand sanitiser, oximeters and mouth gargle to all households in Singapore. IN APPRECIATION I would like to record my appreciation to Mr Ng Kwan Meng, who retired from the Board on 29 July 2022, for his invaluable contributions. I welcome Prof Yaacob bin Ibrahim who joined the Board in September 2021. I am also grateful to all Board members for your guidance and counsel. On behalf of the Board, I would like to express my appreciation to the management and staff for your unwavering efforts, pivoting to seize new opportunities for growth and transformation. I thank our shareholder, business partners, union and regulator for their close collaboration and continuous support. As we rise above the challenges of the past two years and embrace new opportunities, the future remains uncertain. However, I believe that with the strong partnership forged with our stakeholders, we will remain committed to creating greater value for our customers and empowering the future of energy together. Mohd Hassan Marican Chairman August 2022 - 13 - SP GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2022 ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Annual Report Year ended 31 March 2022 Table of Contents Directors’ statement 1 Independent Auditor’s Report Balance sheets 7 10 Income statements 11 Statements of comprehensive income 12 Statements of changes in equity 13 Consolidated statement of cash flows 16 Notes to the financial statements 18 1 Domicile and activities 18 2 Basis of preparation 18 2.1 Statement of compliance 18 2.2 Basis of measurement 18 2.3 Functional and presentation currency 18 2.4 Use of estimates and judgements 19 2.5 Changes in accounting policies 20 3 Significant accounting policies 21 3.1 Basis of consolidation 21 3.2 Foreign currencies 23 3.3 Property, plant and equipment 24 3.4 Intangible assets 25 3.5 Investment property under development 26 3.6 Financial instruments 27 3.7 Impairment 32 3.8 Inventories 34 3.9 Accrued revenue 34 3.10 Contract balances 34 3.11 Employee benefits 34 3.12 Provisions 35 3.13 Government grant 35 3.14 Deferred construction cost compensation 35 3.15 Deferred income 36 3.16 Regulatory deferral account (“RDA”) debit or credit balances 36 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Annual Report Year ended 31 March 2022 Table of Contents 3.17 Price regulation and licence 36 3.18 Revenue recognition 37 3.19 Leases 38 3.20 Finance income and costs 40 3.21 Tax expense 40 3.22 Segment reporting 41 3.23 New standards and interpretations not yet adopted 41 4 Property, plant and equipment 42 5 Right-of-use assets / Lease liabilities 44 6 Intangible assets 46 7 Investment property under development 48 8 Subsidiaries 48 9 Associates and joint ventures 50 10 Other non-current assets 54 11 Deferred taxation 56 12 Derivative assets and liabilities 58 13 Investments in debt and equity securities 64 14 Inventories 64 15 Trade and other receivables 65 15a Trade receivables 65 15b Other receivables, deposits and prepayments 67 15c Balances with subsidiaries, associate and joint venture (non-trade) 68 16 Cash and cash equivalents 68 17 Regulatory deferral accounts 69 18 Share capital 71 19 Reserves 71 20 Debt obligations 73 21 Other non-current liabilities 75 21a Deferred income 75 21b Deferred construction cost compensation 76 21c Provisions 76 22 Trade and other payables 77 22a Other payables and accruals 77 23 Revenue 78 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Annual Report Year ended 31 March 2022 Table of Contents 24 Other income 25 Finance income 26 Finance costs 27 Tax expense 28 Profit for the year 29 Related parties 30 Operating segments 31 Financial risk management 32 Fair values 33 Commitments 34 Dividends 79 79 80 81 82 83 84 87 97 100 101 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2022 1 Directors’ statement We are pleased to submit this annual report to the member of Singapore Power Limited (the “Company”) together with the audited financial statements for the financial year ended 31 March 2022. Opinion of the Directors In our opinion, (a) (b) the financial statements are drawn up so as to give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) as at 31 March 2022 and the financial performance, changes in equity and cash flows of the Group and of the financial performance and changes in equity of the Company for the year ended on that date in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1967 (the “Act”) and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)”); and at the date of this statement, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they fall due. Directors The directors in office at the date of this statement are as follows: Tan Sri Mohd Hassan Marican Ms Leong Wai Leng Mr Ong Yew Huat Mr Timothy Chia Chee Ming Mr Ng Kwan Meng Ms Goh Swee Chen Mr Lee Kim Shin Prof Yaacob Bin Ibrahim (appointed on 1 September 2021) Mr Stanley Huang Tian Guan Directors’ interests According to the register kept by the Company for the purposes of Section 164 of the Act, particulars of interests of directors who held office at the end of the financial year (including those held by their spouses and infant children) in shares, debentures, warrants and share options in the Company and in related corporations are as follows: Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2022 2 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Tan Sri Mohd Hassan Marican Singapore Airlines Limited - 3.13% Notes due 2026 CapitaLand Treasury Limited - 4.076% Notes due 20 September 2022 Sembcorp Marine Ltd # CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust – units Mapletree Commercial Trust – units S$250,000 USD200,000 – – – S$250,000 USD200,000 9,694,126 1 41,976 62,653 Ms Leong Wai Leng CapitaLand Limited CapitaLand Investment Limited CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust – units Mapletree Commercial Trust – units Mapletree Commercial Trust - 3.11% Notes due 24 August 2026 Mapletree Industrial Trust – units Mapletree Real Estate Advisors Pte. Ltd. – units - Great Cities Logistics (US) Trust - Great Cities Logistics (Europe) Trust - Mapletree Global Student Accommodation Pte Trust - USD – Class A units - GBP – Class B units 40,000 – 689,700 39,057 S$250,000 –* 40,000* 695,886* 39,057 S$250,000 450 500 371 371 371 371 1,685 1,685 1,685 1,685 Mapletree Treasury Services Limited - 3.58% Bonds due 2029 - 3.15% Notes due 3 September 2031 S$250,000 S$250,000 S$250,000 S$250,000 1 The shares are held in the name of Credit Suisse AG Singapore Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2022 3 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Singapore Airlines Limited 9,800 9,800 Singapore Airlines Limited - Mandatory Convertible Bonds SIA MCBZ300608 - SIA MCBZ 2021 Singapore Airlines Limited - 3.145% Notes due 8 April 2021 - 3.16% Notes due 2023 Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd Singapore Technologies Telemedia Pte Ltd - 4.05% Notes due 2 December 2025 - STT GDC 3.13% Bonds due 28 July 2028 Singapore Telecommunications Limited StarHub Limited Altrium Private Equity Fund I GP Limited - Interest as limited partner in the Altrium PE Fund I F&F L.P. Fund Altrium Private Equity Fund II GP Limited - Interest as limited partner in the Altrium PE Fund II F&F L.P. Fund Vertex Master Fund II (GP) Pte. Ltd. - Interest as limited partner in Vertex Master Fund II Ascendas Real Estate Investment Trust - 2.47% Notes due 10 August 2023 2 Astrea IV Pte. Ltd. - 4.35% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 14 June 2028 - 6.75% Class-B Secured Bonds due 14 June 2028 Astrea V Pte. Ltd. - 3.85% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 20 June 2029 - 4.50% Class-A2 Secured Bonds due 20 June 2029 17,000 – S$250,000 S$250,000 41,000 S$250,000 S$500,000 22,027 36,000 36,000 Commitment amount of USD500,000 – Commitment amount of USD500,000 S$250,000 S$336,000 USD200,000 S$214,000 USD200,000 17,000 20,482 – S$250,000 – S$250,000 S$500,000 22,027 Commitment amount of USD500,000 Commitment amount of USD1,000,000 Commitment amount of USD500,000 S$250,000 S$336,000 USD200,000 S$214,000 USD200,000 2 Held jointly with spouse. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2022 4 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Astrea VI Pte. Ltd. - 3.00% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 18 March 2031 - 3.25% Class-A2 Secured Bonds due 18 March 2031 - 4.35% Class-B Secured Bonds due 18 March 2031 S$105,000 USD200,000 USD400,000 S$105,000 USD200,000 USD400,000 Fullerton Fund Management Company Ltd - Fullerton Optimised Alpha Fund Class A USD – units - Fullerton USD Income Fund Class A (SGD hedged) – – 5,000 S$500,000 Temasek Financial (IV) (Private) Limited - 1.8% 5-years T2026 S$ Temasek Bond – S$30,000 Mr Ong Yew Huat Sembcorp Marine Ltd # – 500,000 Mr Timothy Chia Chee Ming Singapore Telecommunications Limited Vertex Master Fund II (GP) Pte. Ltd. - Interest as limited partner in VMII Affiliates Fund LP Vertex Venture Holdings Ltd Commitment amount of USD250,000 2,070 2,070 Commitment amount of USD250,000 - 3.30% Notes due 2028 – S$250,000 Mr Ng Kwan Meng Singapore Telecommunications Limited Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd Starhub Limited Mapletree North Asia Commercial Trust – units Sembcorp Marine Ltd # CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust – units CapitaLand Limited CapitaLand Investment Limited 85,350 25,000 6,000 22,000 – 153,184 61,000 – 85,350 5,000 6,000 – 1,720,000 162,618* –* 61,000* Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2022 5 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Ms Goh Swee Chen CapitaLand Limited CapitaLand Investment Limited CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust – units Singapore Telecommunications Limited Singapore Airlines Limited Singapore Airlines Limited - Mandatory Convertible Bond SIA MCBZ300608 34,592 – – 5,000 18,550 3,835 –* 46,709* 7,224* 5,000 18,550 42,604 Mr Lee Kim Shin Singapore Telecommunications Limited Singapore Airlines Limited Singapore Airlines Limited - SIA MCBZ 2021 Ascott Residence Trust – units 190 19,800 – 4,644 190 26,000 41,382 4,644 Prof Yaacob Bin Ibrahim Ascendas India Trust – units Ascott Residence Trust – units Singapore Airlines Limited 100,000 26,208 5,000 100,000 26,208 5,000 # Related corporation with effect from 11 November 2021 * Scheme of arrangement by CapitaLand Limited (“CapitaLand”), pursuant to which every 1 CapitaLand Limited share was exchanged for 1 share in CapitaLand Investment Limited, 0.154672686 unit in CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust, and S$0.951 in cash. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2022 6 Except as disclosed in this statement, no director who held office at the end of the financial year had interests in shares, debentures, warrants or share options of the Company, or of related corporations, either at the beginning of the financial year, or at the end of the financial year. Neither at the end of, nor at any time during the financial year, was the Company a party to any arrangement whose objects are, or one of whose objects is, to enable the directors of the Company to acquire benefits by means of the acquisition of shares or debentures of the Company or any other body corporate. Share Options During the financial year, there were: (i) (ii) no options granted by the Company or its subsidiaries to any person to take up unissued shares in the Company; and no shares issued by virtue of any exercise of option to take up unissued shares of the Company or its subsidiaries. As at the end of the financial year, there were no unissued shares of the Company or its subsidiaries under option. On behalf of the Board of Directors TAN SRI MOHD HASSAN MARICAN Chairman MR STANLEY HUANG TIAN GUAN Director / Group Chief Executive Officer 2 June 2022 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Independent auditor’s report Year ended 31 March 2022 7 Independent Auditor’s Report to the Member of Singapore Power Limited Opinion Independent Auditor’s Report For the financial year ended 31 March 2022 Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Singapore Power Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”), which comprise the balance sheets of the Group and the Company as at 31 March 2022, the income statements, statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in equity of the Group and the Company and statement of cash flows of the Group for the financial year then ended, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group, the balance sheet, income statement, statement of comprehensive income and statement of changes in equity of the Company are properly drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1967 (the “Act”) and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)”) so as to give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group and of the Company as at 31 March 2022 and of the financial performance, changes in equity of the Group and the Company and consolidated cash flows of the Group for the year ended on that date. Basis for Opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing (“SSAs”). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (“ACRA”) Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and Accounting Entities (“ACRA Code”) together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Singapore, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the ACRA Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Other Information Management is responsible for other information. The other information comprises the directors’ statement. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Independent auditor’s report Year ended 31 March 2022 8 Responsibilities of Management and Directors for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with the provisions of the Act and SFRS(I), and for devising and maintaining a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide a reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorised use or disposition; and transactions are properly authorised and that they are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of true and fair financial statements and to maintain accountability of assets. In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. The directors’ responsibilities include overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process. Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with SSAs, we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also: • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control. • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. • Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Independent auditor’s report Year ended 31 March 2022 9 • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. • Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. We communicate with the directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements In our opinion, the accounting and other records required by the Act to be kept by the Company and by those subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore of which we are the auditors have been properly kept in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Ernst & Young LLP Public Accountants and Chartered Accountants Singapore 2 June 2022 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 10 Balance sheets As at 31 March 2022 Group Company Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets Investment property under development Subsidiaries Associates and joint ventures Other non-current assets Deferred tax assets Derivative assets Investments in debt and equity securities Current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Derivative assets Cash and cash equivalents Investments in debt and equity securities Total assets Regulatory deferral accounts (“RDA”) debit balances and related deferred tax assets Total assets and RDA debit balances Note 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12 16 13 17 2022 $ million 13,828.7 111.3 765.0 – 1,622.3 343.7 21.7 133.6 56.0 16,882.3 47.4 795.7 113.6 4,207.8 413.9 5,578.4 22,460.7 499.5 22,960.2 2021 $ million 13,693.2 150.9 728.2 – 2,907.2 337.9 100.5 256.2 29.7 18,203.8 46.7 462.2 3.5 1,187.2 – 1,699.6 19,903.4 454.7 20,358.1 2022 $ million 23.4 14.9 – 5,043.7 45.4 – – – # – 5,127.4 – 4,095.2 5.0 1.3 – 4,101.5 9,228.9 – 9,228.9 2021 $ million 16.3 16.2 – 5,524.6 45.4 – – – # – 5,602.5 – 3,070.4 – # 0.8 – 3,071.2 8,673.7 – 8,673.7 Equity Share capital Reserves Accumulated profits Total equity, attributable to owner of the Company 18 19 2,911.9 (97.2) 11,143.9 2,911.9 (424.3) 9,491.4 2,911.9 – # 6,246.6 2,911.9 – 5,712.8 13,958.6 11,979.0 9,158.5 8,624.7 Non-current liabilities Debt obligations Derivative liabilities Deferred tax liabilities Other non-current liabilities Lease liabilities Current liabilities Debt obligations Derivative liabilities Current tax payable Trade and other payables Lease liabilities Total liabilities Total equity and liabilities RDA credit balances and related deferred tax liabilities Total equity, liabilities and RDA credit balances 20 12 11 21 5 20 12 22 5 17 3,377.9 160.5 1,699.7 479.7 32.2 5,750.0 908.2 143.0 645.6 1,484.6 5.8 3,187.2 8,937.2 22,895.8 64.4 22,960.2 4,369.7 101.3 1,748.4 498.8 34.9 6,753.1 173.6 7.6 67.0 1,314.4 5.9 1,568.5 8,321.6 20,300.6 57.5 20,358.1 – – # 1.4 – – 1.4 – 5.1 0.4 57.6 5.9 70.4 9,228.9 – 9,228.9 – – 1.4 – – 1.4 – – 0.6 47.0 – 69.0 47.6 49.0 8,673.7 – 8,673.7 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 11 Income statements As at 31 March 2022 Group Company Note 2022 $ million 2021 $ million 2022 $ million 2021 $ million Revenue Other income Expenses - Purchased power - Depreciation of property, plant and equipment - Amortisation of intangible assets - Maintenance - Staff costs - Property taxes - Other operating expenses Operating profit Finance income Finance costs Share of profits of associates, net of tax Share of losses of joint ventures, net of tax Profit before taxation Tax (expense) / credit Profit for the year attributable to owner of the Company Net movement in RDA balances related to profit or loss and the related deferred tax movement Profit for the year and net movements in RDA balances, attributable to owner of the Company 23 24 5,213.5 1,683.7 (2,806.7) 3,574.1 188.9 (1,473.1) 1,040.1 11.0 – 754.8 9.5 – 4 (790.3) (757.4) (9.9) (8.3) 6 (55.7) (56.1) (5.6) (3.5) (141.1) (126.4) (10.5) (9.0) (324.7) (319.9) (73.9) (72.7) (93.9) (99.2) (0.3) (0.3) (191.4) (145.3) (37.2) (61.0) 2,493.4 785.6 903.7 609.5 25 26 58.6 (85.0) 164.0 45.3 (79.7) 180.0 19.4 (0.1) – 33.9 (0.1) – (5.7) (6.0) – – 2,625.3 925.2 923.0 643.3 27 28 17 (660.3) 1,965.0 37.9 (197.8) 727.4 249.3 0.8 923.8 – 5.3 648.6 – 2,002.9 976.7 923.8 648.6 The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 12 Statements of comprehensive income Year ended 31 March 2022 Group Company 2022 $ million 2021 $ million 2022 $ million 2021 $ million Profit for the year and net movements in RDA balances 2,002.9 976.7 923.8 648.6 Other comprehensive income Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: Share of defined benefit plan remeasurements of associates 10.1 10.1 9.3 – – 9.3 – – Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: Translation differences relating to financial statements of foreign operations (86.7) 446.7 – – Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax 41.0 31.7 – # (0.2) Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax (5.3) 10.2 – – - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax 0.6 2.1 – # (0.1) Share of hedging reserves of associates Disposal of interest in an associate Other comprehensive income for 211.1 148.9 – – 195.9 – – – 356.6 639.6 – # (0.3) the year, net of tax 366.7 648.9 – # (0.3) Total comprehensive income for the year, attributable to owner of the Company 2,369.6 1,625.6 923.8 648.3 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 13 Statements of changes in equity Year ended 31 March 2022 Group Share capital $ million Currency translation reserve $ million Hedging reserve $ million Other reserves $ million Accumulated profits $ million Total equity, attributable to owner of the Company $ million At 1 April 2020 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year and net movement in RDA balances Other comprehensive income Translation differences relating to financial statements of foreign operations Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax Share of other comprehensive income of associates Total other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the year 2,911.9 (810.1) (282.7) 19.6 8,920.7 10,759.4 – – – – 976.7 976.7 – 446.7 – – – 446.7 – – 31.7 – – 31.7 – – 10.2 – – 10.2 – – 2.1 – – 2.1 – – 148.9 9.3 – 158.2 – 446.7 192.9 9.3 – 648.9 – 446.7 192.9 9.3 976.7 1,625.6 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Distribution to owner Dividends declared (Note 34) Total transactions with owner At 31 March 2021 – – – – (406.0) (406.0) – – – – (406.0) (406.0) 2,911.9 (363.4) (89.9) 28.9 9,491.4 11,979.0 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 14 Statements of changes in equity Year ended 31 March 2022 Group Share capital $ million Currency translation reserve $ million Hedging reserve $ million Other reserves $ million Accumulated profits $ million Total equity, attributable to owner of the Company $ million At 1 April 2021 2,911.9 (363.4) (89.8) 28.9 9,491.4 11,979.0 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year and net movement in RDA balances – – – – 2,002.9 2,002.9 Other comprehensive income Translation differences relating to financial statements of foreign operations – (86.7) – – – (86.7) Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax Net change in fair value of: – – 41.0 – – 41.0 - Cash flow hedges reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax – – (5.3) – – (5.3) - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax – – 0.6 – – 0.6 Share of other comprehensive income of associates – – 211.1 10.1 – 221.2 Disposal of interest in an associate – 231.9 (36.0) (39.6) 39.6 195.9 Total other comprehensive income – 145.2 211.4 (29.5) 39.6 366.7 Total comprehensive income for the year – 145.2 211.4 (29.5) 2,042.5 2,369.6 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Distribution to owner Dividends declared (Note 34) Total transactions with owner – – – – (390.0) (390.0) – – – – (390.0) (390.0) At 31 March 2022 2,911.9 (218.2) 121.6 (0.6) 11,143.9 13,958.6 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 15 Statements of changes in equity Year ended 31 March 2022 Share capital $ million Hedging reserve $ million Accumulated profits $ million Total $ million Company At 1 April 2020 2,911.9 0.3 5,470.2 8,382.4 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year – – 648.6 648.6 Other comprehensive income Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax – (0.2) – (0.2) Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax – (0.1) – (0.1) Total other comprehensive income – (0.3) – (0.3) Total other comprehensive income for the year – (0.3) 648.6 648.3 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Dividends declared (Note 34) – – (406.0) (406.0) Total transactions with owner – – (406.0) (406.0) At 31 March 2021 2,911.9 – 5,712.8 8,624.7 At 1 April 2021 2,911.9 – 5,712.8 8,624.7 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year – – 923.8 923.8 Other comprehensive income Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax – – # – – # Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax – – # – – # Total other comprehensive income – – # – – # Total other comprehensive income for the year – – # 923.8 923.8 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Dividends declared (Note 34) – – (390.0) (390.0) Total transactions with owner – – (390.0) (390.0) At 31 March 2022 2,911.9 – # 6,246.6 9,158.5 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 16 Consolidated statement of cash flows Year ended 31 March 2022 Note 2022 $ million 2021 $ million Cash flows from operating activities Profit for the year and net movements in RDA balances 2,002.9 976.7 Adjustments for: Deferred income (20.0) (23.9) RDA debit or credit balances and related deferred tax assets or liabilities (37.9) (249.3) Depreciation and amortisation 846.0 813.5 Finance costs 26 90.3 83.5 Finance income 25 (58.6) (45.3) Exchange loss / (gain), net 28 0.9 (14.7) Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 11.7 1.2 Impairment loss on intangible assets and property, plant and equipment 2.4 5.0 Gain on disposal of interest in an associate 24 (1,532.0) – Share of profit of associates and joint ventures, net of tax (158.3) (174.0) Tax expense 27 660.3 197.8 Write-down of inventory 14 8.4 5.3 Allowance for expected credit loss on trade receivables, net 15a 14.7 13.9 Net fair value gain on equity investments at FVTPL 26 (5.3) (3.8) Others 5.0 3.4 1,830.5 1,589.3 Changes in working capital: Inventories (9.1) (2.6) Trade and other receivables and contract assets (304.5) 4.3 Balances with related parties (trade) 6.1 10.6 Trade and other payables 214.9 (10.4) Cash generated from operations 1,737.9 1,591.2 Interest received 34.3 64.7 Net tax paid (30.0) (63.4) Net cash generated from operating activities 1,742.2 1,592.5 The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 17 Consolidated statement of cash flows (continued) Year ended 31 March 2022 Note 2022 $ million 2021 $ million Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment (1,006.2) (986.4) Purchase of intangible assets (18.1) (40.7) Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 6.3 5.5 Proceeds from disposal of interest in an associate 3,154.1 – Dividends received from associates and joint venture 153.8 146.9 Proceeds from redemption of other investment – 5.0 Acquisition of interest in associates and joint venture (24.4) (42.7) Loans to a joint venture (46.4) – Payments for investments in debt securities (413.4) – Acquisition of other investments (21.3) (14.4) Additions to investment property (36.9) (6.6) Net cash generated from / (used in) investing activities 1,747.5 (933.4) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from loans 83.2 156.0 Proceeds from termination of derivatives 19.5 – Repayment of debt obligations (176.5) (797.1) Dividends paid to owner of the Company (390.0) (406.0) Interest paid (81.8) (108.9) Commitment fees paid – (1.5) Upfront fees paid for credit facilities (2.6) – Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities (6.2) (5.9) Net cash used in financing activities (554.4) (1,163.4) Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 2,935.3 (504.3) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 1,187.2 1,673.4 Effect of exchange rate changes on balances held in foreign currencies 85.3 18.1 Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 16 4,207.8 1,187.2 The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 18 Notes to the financial statements These notes form an integral part of the financial statements. The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 2 June 2022. 1 Domicile and activities Singapore Power Limited (the “Company”) is incorporated in the Republic of Singapore and has its registered office at 2 Kallang Sector, SP Group Building, Singapore 349277. The immediate and ultimate holding company is Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited, a company incorporated in the Republic of Singapore. The principal activities of the Company are that of investment holding and provision of management support services. Its subsidiaries are engaged principally in the transmission and distribution of electricity and gas, provision of related consultancy services and investments in related projects. The consolidated financial statements relate to the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”) and the Group’s interests in associates and joint ventures (collectively referred to as “Group entities”). 2 Basis of preparation 2.1 Statement of compliance The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)”). 2.2 2.3 Basis of measurement The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except as disclosed in the accounting policies set out below. Functional and presentation currency These financial statements are presented in Singapore dollars, which is the Company’s functional currency. Each entity in the Group determines its own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. All financial information presented in Singapore dollars has been rounded to the nearest 0.1 million, unless otherwise stated. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 19 2.4 Use of estimates and judgements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with SFRS(I) requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. Information about critical judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements is discussed below: Taxation The Group is subject to taxes mainly in Singapore and Australia. Significant judgement is required in determining provision for taxes. There are many transactions and calculations during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made. Details are set out in Note 11 and Note 27. Impairment of associates Impairment reviews in respect of associates are performed at least annually or when there is any indication that the investment in associates may be impaired. More regular reviews are performed if changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicate potential impairment. The Group uses the present value of future cash flows to determine the recoverable amounts of the underlying cash generating units in the associates. In calculating the recoverable amounts, significant management judgement is required in forecasting cash flows of the cash generating units, in estimating the terminal growth values and in selecting an appropriate discount rate. Estimating fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities must be estimated for recognition, measurement and disclosure purposes. Note 31 sets out the basis of valuation of financial assets and liabilities. Accrued revenue Revenue accrual estimates are made to account for the unbilled period between the end-user’s last billing date and the end of the accounting period. The accrual relies on detailed analysis of customers’ historical consumption patterns, which takes into account base usage and sensitivity to consumption growth. The results of this analysis are applied for the number of days over the unbilled period. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 20 Regulatory deferral accounts Regulatory deferral account debit or credit balances represent timing differences between revenue recognised for financial reporting purposes (as set out in Note 3.18) and revenue earned for regulatory purposes. Revenue earned for regulatory purposes is estimated based on the revenue allowed by the Energy Market Authority (“EMA”) (in accordance with the price regulation framework), taking into consideration the services rendered, sale and volume of electricity and gas delivered to consumers. Note 3.16 sets out the accounting policy for regulatory deferral accounts. 2.5 Changes in accounting policies Adoption of new and revised SFRS(I)s and Interpretation to SFRS(I) The Group has applied the Amendments to SFRS(I) 9, SFRS(I) 1-39, SFRS(I) 7, SFRS(I) 4, SFRS(I) 16: Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2 which is effective for annual financial periods beginning on or after 1 April 2021. The Phase 2 amendments provide practical relief from certain requirements in SFRS(I) Standards. The amendment most relevant to the Group is where it provides for a series of temporary exceptions from certain hedge accounting requirements when a change required by the interest rate benchmark reform occurs to a hedge item and / or hedging instrument that permit the hedge relationship to be continued without interruption. The Group applies the following reliefs as and when uncertainty arising the from interest rate benchmark reform is no longer present with respect to the timing and the amount of the interest rate benchmark-based cash flows of the hedged item or hedging instrument: • the Group amends the designation of a hedging relationship to reflect changes that are required by the reform without discontinuing the hedging relationship; and • when a hedged item in a cash flow hedge is amended to reflect the changes that are required by the reform, the amount accumulated in the hedging reserve is deemed to be based on the alternative benchmark rate on which the hedged future cash flows are determined. The details of the accounting policies and related disclosures on financial risk management are disclosed in Note 3.6 and 31. There was no significant financial impact to the Group as a result of these amendments. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 21 3 Significant accounting policy The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently for all periods presented in these financial statements, and have been consistently applied by the Group entities, which addresses changes in accounting policies due to the adoption of new and revised standards. 3.1 Basis of consolidation Business combinations Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method as at the acquisition date, which is the date on which control is transferred to the Group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. In assessing control, the Group takes into consideration potential voting rights that are currently exercisable. The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts are generally recognised in profit or loss. Costs related to the acquisition, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, that the Group incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. Any contingent consideration payable is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date and included in the consideration transferred. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss. For non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the acquiree’s net assets in the event of liquidation, the Group elects on a transaction-by-transaction basis whether to measure them at fair value, or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets, at the acquisition date. All other non-controlling interests are measured at acquisition-date fair value, or, when applicable, on the basis specified in another standard. Any excess or deficiency of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed is accounted for as goodwill or bargain purchase gain (see Note 3.4). Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. In the Company’s separate financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment losses. The accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed when necessary to align them with the policies adopted by the Group. Losses applicable to the non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are allocated to the non-controlling interests even if doing so causes the non-controlling interests to have a deficit balance. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 22 Loss of control Upon the loss of control, the Group de-recognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any non-controlling interests and the other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any surplus or deficit arising on the loss of control is recognised in profit or loss. If the Group retains any interest in the previous subsidiary, then such interest is measured at fair value at the date that control is lost. Subsequently, it is accounted for as an equity-accounted investee or as an equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income depending on the level of influence retained. Joint arrangements A joint arrangement is a contractual arrangement whereby two or more parties have joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. To the extent the joint arrangement provides the Group with rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to the arrangement, the arrangement is a joint operation. To the extent the joint arrangement provides the Group with rights to the net assets of the arrangement, the arrangement is a joint venture. The Group recognises its interest in a joint venture as an investment and accounts for the investment using the equity method. The accounting policy for investment in joint venture is set out below. Investments in associates and joint ventures (equity-accounted investees) An associate is an entity over which the Group has the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but does not have control or joint control of those policies. Investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method (equity-accounted investees) and are recognised initially at cost. The Group’s investments in equity-accounted investees include goodwill identified on acquisition, net of any accumulated impairment losses. The consolidated financial statements include the Group’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the equity-accounted investees, after adjustments to align the accounting policies of the equity-accounted investees with those of the Group, from the date that significant influence or joint control commences until the date that significant influence or joint control ceases. When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in an equity-accounted investee, the carrying amount of the investment, together with any long-term interests that form part thereof, is reduced to zero and the recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has an obligation to fund the investee’s operations or has made payments on behalf of the investee. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 23 Acquisition of non-controlling interests Acquisitions of non-controlling interests are accounted for as transactions with owners in their capacity as owners and therefore no goodwill is recognised as a result of such transactions. The adjustments to non-controlling interests arising from transactions that do not involve the loss of control are based on a proportionate amount of the net assets of the subsidiary. Any difference between the adjustment to non-controlling interests and the fair value of consideration paid is recognised directly in equity and presented as part of equity attributable to owners of the Company. Transactions eliminated on consolidation Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income or expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. Accounting for subsidiaries and joint ventures by the Company Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures are stated in the Company’s balance sheet at cost less accumulated impairment losses. 3.2 Foreign currencies Foreign currency transactions Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. The functional currencies of the Group entities are mainly Singapore dollars, Australian dollars and Chinese Yuan Renminbi. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currencies at the exchange rate at the reporting date. The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items is the difference between amortised cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the year, adjusted for effective interest and payments during the year, and the amortised cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the year. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the date on which the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items in a foreign currency that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences arising on translation are recognised in profit or loss, except for differences arising on the translation of a financial liability designated as a hedge of the net investment in a foreign operation that is effective, an equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income, or qualifying cash flow hedges which are recognised in other comprehensive income. Foreign operations The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, excluding goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated to Singapore dollars for presentation in these financial statements at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to Singapore dollars at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 24 Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive income, and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve (“translation reserve”) in equity. However, if the foreign operation is a non-wholly-owned subsidiary, then the relevant proportionate share of the translation difference is allocated to the non-controlling interests. When a foreign operation is disposed of, such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. When the Group disposes of only part of its interest in a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation while retaining control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to non-controlling interests. When the Group disposes of only part of its investment in an associate or joint venture that includes a foreign operation while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. When the settlement of a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, foreign exchange gains and losses arising from such a monetary item are considered to form part of a net investment in a foreign operation. These are recognised in other comprehensive income, and are presented in the translation reserve in equity. 3.3 Property, plant and equipment Recognition and measurement Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for their intended use, and the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located and capitalised borrowing cost. Capitalisation of borrowing costs will cease when the asset is ready for its intended use. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any gain or loss on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment. Purchased software that is integral to the functionality of the related equipment is capitalised as part of that equipment. When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. The gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and is recognised net within other income/other operating expenses in profit or loss. Subsequent costs The cost of replacing a component of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the component will flow to the Group, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced component is de-recognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 25 Depreciation Depreciation is based on the cost of an asset less its residual value. Significant components of individual assets are assessed and if a component has a useful life that is different from the remainder of that asset, that component is depreciated separately. Depreciation is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property, plant and equipment. Freehold land and construction-in-progress are not depreciated. The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows: Leasehold land Buildings, office and tunnels Plant and machinery - Mains (Electricity) - Mains (Gas) - Transformers and switchgear Other plant and equipment (principally gas storage plant, remote control and meters) Motor vehicles and office equipment Over the term of the lease, ranging from 3 – 99 years 2 – 40 years or the lease term, if shorter 10 – 30 years 5 – 50 years or the lease term, if shorter 20 – 30 years 2 – 40 years 2 – 10 years Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end, and adjusted if appropriate. 3.4 Intangible assets Goodwill Goodwill that arises upon the acquisition of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets and represents the excess of: - the fair value of the consideration transferred; plus - the recognised amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; plus - if the business combination is achieved in stages, the fair value of the pre-existing equity interest in the acquiree, over the net recognised amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. When the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognised immediately in profit or loss. Subsequent measurement Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses. In respect of equity-accounted investees, the carrying amount of goodwill is included in the carrying amount of the investment, and an impairment loss on such an investment is not allocated to any asset, including goodwill, that forms part of the carrying amount of the equity-accounted investee. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 26 Other intangible assets Other intangible assets with finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Expenditure on internally generated goodwill is recognised in profit or loss as an expense when incurred. Intangible assets that have indefinite lives or that are not available for use are stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Software is stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 2 to 5 years. Deferred expenditure relates mainly to contributions paid by the Group in accordance with regulatory requirements towards capital expenditure costs incurred by electricity generation companies and onshore receiving facility operator, and is stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Deferred expenditure is amortised on a straight-line basis over the period in which the Group derives benefits from the capital contribution payments, which is generally the useful life of the relevant equipment ranging from 7 to 19 years. Research costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalised development costs arising from development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Group can demonstrate the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale, its intention to complete and its ability to use or sell the asset, how the asset will generate future economic benefits, the availability of resources to complete and the ability to measure reliably the expenditures during the development. Following initial recognition of the capitalised development costs as an intangible asset, it is carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the intangible asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. Capitalised development costs have a finite useful life and are amortised over the period of 5 years on a straight line basis. Intangible assets under construction are stated at cost. No amortisation is provided until the intangible assets are ready for use. 3.5 Investment property under development Investment property under development is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Investment property under development is measured at cost on initial recognition. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the investment property. The cost of self-constructed investment property includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the investment property under development to a working condition for their intended use and capitalised borrowing costs. Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property under development (calculated as the difference between the net proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the item) is recognised in profit or loss. When the use of a property changes such that it is reclassified as property, plant and equipment, its fair value at the date of reclassification becomes its cost for subsequent accounting. Property that is being constructed for future use as investment property under development is accounted for at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Investment property under development is not depreciated. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 27 3.6 Financial instruments Non-derivative financial assets Initial recognition and measurement Financial assets are recognised when, and only when the entity becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. At initial recognition, the Group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss. Trade receivables are measured at the amount of consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third party, if the trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component at initial recognition. Subsequent measurement Investments in debt instruments Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Group’s business model for managing the asset and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset. The measurement categories for classification of debt instruments are: (i) (ii) (iii) Amortised cost Financial assets that are held for the collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less impairment. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the assets are de-recognised or impaired, and through the amortisation process. Fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) Financial assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. Financial assets measured at FVOCI are subsequently measured at fair value. Any gains or losses from changes in fair value of the financial assets are recognised in other comprehensive income, except for impairment losses, foreign exchange gains and losses and interest calculated using the effective interest method are recognised in profit or loss. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment when the financial asset is de-recognised. Fair value through profit or loss Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it arises. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 28 Investments in equity instruments On initial recognition of an investment in equity instrument that is not held for trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI. Dividends from such investments are to be recognised in profit or loss when the Group’s right to receive payments is established. For investments in equity instruments which the Group has not elected to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI, changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss. De-recognition The Group de-recognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and bank deposits. Non-derivative financial liabilities Initial recognition and measurement Financial liabilities are recognised when, and only when, the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Group determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus in the case of financial liabilities not at fair value through profit or loss, directly attributable transaction costs. For financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, directly attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss incurred. Subsequent measurement After initial recognition, financial liabilities that are not carried at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are de-recognised, and through the amortisation process. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 29 De-recognition A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. On de-recognition, the difference between the carrying amounts and the consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss. Offsetting Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented on the balance sheets when, and only when, the Group has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The rights of offset must not be contingent on a future event and must be enforceable in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of all the counterparties to the contract. Ordinary shares Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting The Group holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met. Derivatives are initially measured at fair value and any directly attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in profit or loss. The Group designates certain derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments as hedging instruments in qualifying hedging relationships. At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Group documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Group also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other. The Group applies hedge accounting for certain hedging relationships which qualify for hedge accounting. For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as: • cash flow hedges when hedging exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognised firm commitment; or • fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised firm commitment. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 30 Cash flow hedges When a derivative is designated as the hedging instrument in a hedge of the variability in cash flows attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction that could affect profit or loss, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in other comprehensive income and presented in the hedging reserve in equity. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in profit or loss. When the hedged item is a non-financial asset, the amount accumulated in equity is included in the carrying amount of the asset when the asset is recognised. In other cases, the amount accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit and loss in the same period that the hedged item affects profit or loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the designation is revoked, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income will remain in the cash flow hedge reserve until the future cash flows occur if the hedged future cash flows are still expected to occur or reclassified to profit or loss immediately if the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur. Fair value hedges Changes in the fair value of a derivative hedging instrument designated as a fair value hedge are recognised in profit or loss. The hedged item is adjusted to reflect changes in its fair value in respect of the risk being hedged; the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk is recognised in profit or loss with an adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item. Hedges directly affected by interest rate benchmark reform Phase 1 amendments: Prior to interest rate benchmark reform – when there is uncertainty arising from interest rate benchmark reform For the purpose of evaluating whether there is an economic relationship between the hedged item(s) and the hedging instrument(s), the Group assumes that the benchmark interest rate is not altered as a result of interest rate benchmark reform. For a cash flow hedge of a forecast transaction, the Group assumes that the benchmark interest rate will not be altered as a result of interest rate benchmark reform for the purpose of assessing whether the forecast transaction is highly probable and presents an exposure to variations in cash flows that could ultimately affect profit or loss. In determining whether a previously designated forecast transaction in a discontinued cash flow hedge is still expected to occur, the Group assumes that the interest rate benchmark cash flows designated as a hedge will not be altered as a result of interest rate benchmark reform. The Group will cease to apply the specific policy for assessing the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument (i) to a hedged item or hedging instrument when the uncertainty arising from interest rate benchmark reform is no longer present with respect to the timing and the amount of the contractual cash flow of the respective item or instrument or (ii) when the hedging relationship is discontinued. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 31 For its highly probable assessment of the hedged item, the Group will no longer apply the specific policy when the uncertainty arising from interest rate benchmark reform about the timing and the amount of the interest rate benchmark-based future cash flows of the hedged item is no longer present, or when the hedging relationship is discontinued. Phase 2 amendments: Replacement of interest rates – when there is no longer uncertainty arising from interest rate benchmark reform When the basis for determining the contractual cash flows of the hedged item or the hedging instrument changes as a result of interest rate benchmark reform and therefore there is no longer uncertainty arising about the cash flows of the hedged item or the hedging instrument, the Group amends the hedged documentation of that hedging relationship to reflect the change(s) required by interest rate benchmark reform. A change in the basis for determining the contractual cash flows is required by interest rate benchmark reform if the following conditions are met: • the change is necessary as a direct consequence of the reform; and • the new basis for determining the contractual cash flow is economically equivalent to the previous basis – i.e. the basis immediately before the change. For this purpose, the hedge designation is amended only to make one or more of the following changes: • designating an alternative benchmark rate as the hedged risk; • updating the description of hedged item, including the description of the designated portion of the cash flows or fair value being hedged; or • updating the description of the hedging instrument. The Group amends the description of the hedging instrument only if the following conditions are met: • it makes a change required by interest rate benchmark reform by changing the basis for determining the contractual cash flows of the hedging instrument or using another approach that is economically equivalent to changing the basis for determining the contractual cash flows of the original hedging instrument; and • the original hedging instrument is not derecognised. The Group amends the formal hedge documentation by the end of the reporting period during which a change required by interest rate benchmark reform is made to the hedged risk, hedged item or hedging instrument. These amendments in the formal hedge documentation do not constitute the discontinuation of the hedging relationship or the designation of a new hedging relationship. If changes are made in addition to those changes required by interest rate benchmark reform described above, then the Group first considers whether those additional changes result in the discontinuation of the hedge accounting relationship. If the additional changes do not result in discontinuation of the hedge accounting relationship, then the Group amends the formal hedge documentation for changes required by interest rate benchmark reform as mentioned above. When the interest rate benchmark on which the hedged future cash flows had been based is changed as required by interest rate benchmark reform, for the purpose of determining whether the hedged future cash flows are expected to occur, the Group deems that the hedging reserve recognised in OCI for the hedging relationship is based on the alternative benchmark rate on which the hedged future cash flows will be based. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 32 Intra-group financial guarantees in the separate financial statements Financial guarantees are financial instruments issued by the Group that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for the loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to meet payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantees issued are initially measured at fair value and the initial fair value is amortised over the life of the guarantees. Subsequent to initial measurement, the financial guarantees are measured at the higher of the amortised amount and the amount of loss allowance. Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Expected credit losses are measured for financial guarantees issued as the expected payments to reimburse the holder less any amounts that the Group expects to recover. 3.7 Impairment Non-derivative financial assets The Group recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss and financial guarantee contracts. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms. ECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is recognised for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of timing of the default (a lifetime ECL). For trade receivables and contract assets, the Group applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, the Group applies the low credit risk simplification. At every reporting date, the Group evaluates whether the debt instrument is considered to have low credit risk using all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. The Group considers a financial asset potentially in default when contractual payments are 180 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows. Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2022 33 Non-financial assets The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amounts are estimated. For goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, recoverable amount is estimated each year at the same time. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its related cash-generating unit (“CGU”) exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGU. Subject to an operating segment ceiling test, for the purposes of goodwill impairment testing, CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. The Group’s corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows and are utilised by more than one CGU. Corporate assets are allocated to CGUs on a reasonable and consistent basis and tested for impairment as part of the testing of the CGU to which the corporate asset is allocated. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An