SP Energy HubAnnual ReportReliabilitySustainabilityInnovation Always Here for You RELIABILITY Life should be free of interruption. But when it happens, we know what it means for you to have things back to normal without delay. Our officers stand by 24/7 to respond immediately, should electricity or gas supply be disrupted, regardless of the cause. Our priority is always to restore supply as safely and quickly as possible so that inconvenience to customers is minimised. Singapore’s power network is ranked one of the most reliable in the world. In 2016/17, customers experienced an average of 0.25 minute of electricity interruption. That year, 98 per cent of all electricity interruptions were restored within just 2 hours, and 90 per cent in an hour. Our officers stand by at major events, like National Day Parade 2017, to ensure reliable power supply. Our engineers working on the cross-island Transmission Cable Tunnel project, which offers a cost-effective long-term solution for reliable electricity supply in Singapore. Restoration Time Customers experienced an average of 0.25 minute of electricity interruption in 2016/17. Source: DNV.GL Electricity Network Performance Benchmarking Customers in Singapore experienced 0.56 minute of electricity interruption in 2015/16, compared to an average of 10.19 minutes in top 5 performing cities \nSource: DNV.GL Grid Price and Performance Benchmarking Report 2016 We continually monitor, maintain and renew our infrastructure, with the latest techniques and technology, to meet the nation’s growing power needs and ensure long-term reliability and efficiency. We have systems in place to detect and avert abnormalities as much as possible.  We are building capabilities today, to power the lives of generations to come. TAGS RELIABILITYYEAR IN REVIEW 2017 YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED TO READ Ground feedback, digital tools: How she helps 8,000 workers end their day safely Faster repairs, fewer disruptions: Meet the innovative teams using smart tech to keep your piped gas supply flowing Engineer, 27, shares how she is undaunted by male-dominated energy industry & climbs the ranks

OverviewUtilities Quick Guide ResidentialUtilities Quick Guide CommercialGo green, go paperlessTariff informationOpen Electricity MarketFAQsForm & ResourcesChat with Us Open Electricity Market The Open Electricity Market is an initiative by the Energy Market Authority (EMA) that allows you to enjoy more choices and flexibility when buying electricity. You can benefit from competitive pricing and innovative offers from retailers. With the Open Electricity Market, you have the choice of buying electricity from: SP Group at the regulated tariff (no action is required if you choose this option); or An electricity retailer at a price plan that best meets your needs; or The wholesale electricity market at half-hourly wholesale electricity prices through SP Group. Regardless of who you buy your electricity from, your electricity supply will stay the same. This is because SP Group will continue to operate the national power grid and deliver electricity to everyone. Working with Retailers Our goal is to make processes convenient and efficient for all customers. SP will facilitate customer transfers between retailers and offer retailers one-stop utilities billing and call centre services. As the Market Support Services Licensee, SP continues to provide services such as: Opening of utilities account Meter reading Meter data management Billing services If your Retailer Exits the Market You will be transferred to buy electricity from SP Group as a last resort.  Households and small businesses with an average monthly consumption of less than 4MWh will buy electricity at the regulated tariff rate. Larger businesses with an average monthly consumption of at least 4MWh will buy electricity at the wholesale electricity price. There will be no disruption to your electricity supply. You will continue to receive your electricity supply through the national power grid that is operated by SP Group. Making the Switch to a Retailer Residential Consumers Business Consumers For more information on Open Electricity Market Visit www.openelectricitymarket.com.sg Have a business enquiry? Interested to find out more how our integrated services can serve your business needs? Drop us an online enquiry, and our qualified professionals will reach out to you. Contact Us

Media Advisory Recruitment Scam Singapore, 24 August 2018 – SP Group has been alerted to cases of fraudulent recruiters claiming to be our Human Resource officers. Scammers would contact prospective applicants, conduct interviews over online channels, and thereafter offer them fake jobs at SP Group. To our knowledge, the scammers largely target recipients outside Singapore. Please be aware of unsolicited contact offering jobs, whether by phone, email or other channels. Verify the source of such communication before revealing personal information or providing consent of any kind.

SingaporePower Limitedandits subsidiaries AnnualReport Yearended31March2025 RegistrationNumber:200302108D Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Annual Report Year ended 31 March 2025 Table of Contents Annual Report Table of Contents Directors’ statement ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Independent Auditor’s Report ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Balance sheets .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Income statements .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Statements of comprehensive income ................................................................................................................... 13 Statements of changes in equity ................................................................................................................................ 14 Consolidated statement of cash flows ..................................................................................................................... 17 Notes to the financial statements .............................................................................................................................. 19 1 Domicile and activities ....................................................................................................................................... 19 2 Basis of preparation ............................................................................................................................................ 19 2.1 Statement of compliance ................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2 Basis of measurement ........................................................................................................................................ 19 2.3 Functional and presentation currency ........................................................................................................ 19 2.4 Use of estimates and judgements ............................................................................................................... 20 2.5 Changes in accounting policies ..................................................................................................................... 21 3 Material accounting policy information ..................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Basis of consolidation ....................................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Foreign currencies .............................................................................................................................................. 24 3.3 Property, plant and equipment ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.4 Intangible assets .................................................................................................................................................. 26 3.5 Investment property ........................................................................................................................................... 27 3.6 Financial instruments ......................................................................................................................................... 28 3.7 Impairment ............................................................................................................................................................ 32 3.8 Accrued revenue ................................................................................................................................................ 33 3.9 Contract balances ............................................................................................................................................... 33 3.10 Provisions ............................................................................................................................................................... 34 3.11 Government grant .............................................................................................................................................. 34 3.12 Deferred construction cost compensation .............................................................................................. 34 3.13 Deferred income ................................................................................................................................................. 34 3.14 Regulatory deferral account (“RDA”) debit or credit balances ......................................................... 35 3.15 Price regulation and licence ........................................................................................................................... 35 3.16 Revenue recognition ......................................................................................................................................... 36 3.17 Leases ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37 3.18 Finance income and costs .............................................................................................................................. 39 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Annual Report Year ended 31 March 2025 Table of Contents 3.19 Tax expense .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.20 Segment reporting ............................................................................................................................................. 40 3.21 New standards and interpretations not yet adopted .......................................................................... 40 4 Property, plant and equipment ..................................................................................................................... 42 5 Right-of-use assets/ Lease liabilities ............................................................................................................ 44 6 Intangible assets .................................................................................................................................................. 46 7 Investment property / Investment property under development ................................................. 48 8 Subsidiaries ........................................................................................................................................................... 48 9 Associates and joint ventures ........................................................................................................................ 50 10 Other non-current assets ................................................................................................................................. 53 11 Deferred taxation ................................................................................................................................................ 55 12 Derivative assets and liabilities ....................................................................................................................... 57 13 Investments in debt and equity securities ................................................................................................ 62 14 Inventories ............................................................................................................................................................. 62 15 Trade and other receivables .......................................................................................................................... 63 15a Trade receivables ............................................................................................................................................... 63 15b Other receivables, deposits and prepayments ...................................................................................... 65 15c Balances with subsidiaries, associate and joint venture (non-trade) ............................................. 65 16 Cash and cash equivalents ............................................................................................................................. 66 17 Regulatory deferral accounts ......................................................................................................................... 66 18 Share capital ......................................................................................................................................................... 69 19 Reserves ................................................................................................................................................................. 69 20 Debt obligations .................................................................................................................................................... 71 21 Other non-current liabilities ............................................................................................................................ 74 21a Deferred income ................................................................................................................................................. 74 21b Provisions ................................................................................................................................................................ 75 22 Trade and other payables ................................................................................................................................ 75 22a Other payables and accruals ......................................................................................................................... 76 23 Revenue .................................................................................................................................................................. 76 24 Other income ........................................................................................................................................................ 77 25 Finance income ................................................................................................................................................... 78 26 Finance costs ........................................................................................................................................................ 78 27 Tax expense .......................................................................................................................................................... 79 28 Profit for the year ................................................................................................................................................ 80 29 Acquisition of subsidiaries ................................................................................................................................ 81 30 Related parties ..................................................................................................................................................... 86 31 Operating segments ......................................................................................................................................... 87 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Annual Report Year ended 31 March 2025 Table of Contents 32 Financial risk management ............................................................................................................................. 90 33 Fair values .............................................................................................................................................................. 99 34 Commitments ...................................................................................................................................................... 103 35 Dividends .............................................................................................................................................................. 104 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2025 Directors’ statement We are pleased to submit this annual report to the member of Singapore Power Limited (the “Company”) together with the audited financial statements for the financial year ended 31 March 2025. Opinion of the Directors In our opinion, (a) (b) the financial statements are drawn up so as to give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) as at 31 March 2025 and the financial performance, changes in equity and cash flows of the Group and of the financial performance and changes in equity of the Company for the year ended on that date in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1967 (the “Act”) and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)”); and at the date of this statement, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they fall due. Directors The directors in office at the date of this statement are as follows: Ms Leong Wai Leng Mr Timothy Chia Chee Ming Mr Lee Kim Shin Ms Goh Swee Chen Prof Yaacob Bin Ibrahim Mr Antonio Volpin Mr Ching Wei Hong Mr Ong Pang Thye (appointed 1 April 2024) Mrs Ow Foong Pheng (appointed 1 June 2024) Mr Stanley Huang Tian Guan Directors’ interests According to the register kept by the Company for the purposes of Section 164 of the Act, particulars of interests of directors who held office at the end of the financial year (including those held by their spouses and infant children) in shares, debentures, warrants and share options in the Company and in related corporations are as follows: 1 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2025 Name of director and related corporations in which interests(fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Ms Leong Wai Leng CapitaLand Investment Limited 40,000 40,000 CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust – units 695,886 734,855 CapitaLand Ascott Trust – units 2,346 2,346 Mapletree Pan Asia Commercial Trust – units 52,000 52,000 Mapletree Pan Asia Commercial Trust - 3.11% Notes due 24 August 2026 S$250,000 S$250,000 Mapletree Industrial Trust – units 500 – Mapletree Real Estate Advisors Pte. Ltd. – units - Great Cities Logistics (US) Trust 371 371 - Great Cities Logistics (Europe) Trust 371 371 - Mapletree Global Student Accommodation Pte Trust - USD – Class A units 1,685 1,685 - GBP – Class B units 1,685 1,685 Mapletree Treasury Services Limited - 3.4% Notes due 3 September 2026 S$250,000 S$250,000 - 3.58% Bonds due 13 March 2029 S$250,000 S$250,000 - 3.15% Notes due 3 September 2031 S$250,000 S$250,000 Singapore Airlines Limited 9,800 9,800 Singapore Airlines Limited - SIA MCBZ 2021 5,121 – Singapore Technologies Telemedia Pte Ltd - 4.05% Notes due 2 December 2025 S$250,000 – - STT GDC 3.13% Bonds due 28 July 2028 S$500,000 S$500,000 Singapore Telecommunications Limited 22,027 22,027 StarHub Limited 36,000 36,000 Altrium Private Equity Fund I GP Limited - Interest as limited partner in the Altrium PE Fund I F&F L.P. Fund Commitment amount of USD500,000 Commitment amount of USD500,000 Altrium Private Equity Fund II GP Limited - Interest as limited partner in the Altrium PE Fund II F&F L.P. Fund Commitment amount of USD1,000,000 Commitment amount of USD1,000,000 2 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2025 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Vertex Master Fund II (GP) Pte. Ltd. - Interest as limited partner in Vertex Master Fund II Commitment amount of USD500,000 Commitment amount of USD500,000 Astrea V Pte. Ltd. - 3.85% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 20 June 2029 S$214,000 – - 4.50% Class-A2 Secured Bonds due 20 June 2029 USD200,000 – Astrea VI Pte. Ltd. - 3.00% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 18 March 2031 S$605,000 S$605,000 - 3.25% Class-A2 Secured Bonds due 18 March 2031 USD200,000 USD200,000 - 4.35% Class-B Secured Bonds due 18 March 2031 USD400,000 USD400,000 Astrea 7 Pte. Ltd. - 4.125% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 27 May 2032 S$1,025,000 S$1,025,000 - 4.125% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 27 May 2032 1 S$250,000 S$250,000 - 6% Class-B Secured Bonds due 27 May 2032 USD500,000 USD500,000 Astrea 8 Pte. Ltd. - 4.35% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 19 July 2039 – S$480,000 - 6.35% Class-A2 Secured Bonds due 19 July 2039 – USD220,000 Fullerton Fund Management Company Ltd - Fullerton Optimised Alpha Fund Class A USD – units 5,000 5,000 - Fullerton USD Income Fund Class A (SGD hedged) S$500,000 S$500,000 Temasek Financial (IV) (Private) Limited - 1.8% 5-years T2026 S$ Temasek Bond S$30,000 S$30,000 Mr Timothy Chia Chee Ming Singapore Telecommunications Limited 2,070 2,070 Vertex Master Fund II (GP) Pte. Ltd. - Interest as limited partner in VMII Affiliates Fund LP Commitment amount of USD250,000 Commitment amount of USD250,000 Vertex Venture Holdings Ltd - 3.30% Notes due 28 July 2028 S$250,000 S$250,000 1 Held jointly with spouse. 3 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2025 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Mr Lee Kim Shin Singapore Telecommunications Limited 194 194 Singapore Airlines Limited 37,100 45,200 Singapore Airlines Limited - SIA MCBZ 2021 10,346 – CapitaLand Ascott Trust – units 4,644 4,644 Ms Goh Swee Chen CapitaLand Investment Limited 41,709 41,709 CapitaLand Ascott Trust – units 2,377 2,377 CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust – units 6,451 6,451 Singapore Telecommunications Limited 5,000 5,000 Singapore Airlines Limited 37,050 45,650 Singapore Airlines Limited - Mandatory Convertible Bond SIA MCBZ300608 2,180 – Prof Yaacob Bin Ibrahim CapitaLand India Trust – units 100,000 100,000 CapitaLand Ascott Trust – units 26,208 26,208 Mapletree Industrial Trust – units – 10,000 Mr Ching Wei Hong CapitaLand Ascendas Real Estate Investment – units 115,893 153,893 CapitaLand Ascott Trust – units 55,300 87,645 CapitaLand Ascott Trust - 3.07% Perpetual Bond S$250,000 S$250,000 CapitaLand China Trust – units 40,800 23,700 CapitaLand India Trust – units 36,458 – CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust – units 72,000 109,084 4 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2025 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year CapitaLand Treasury Limited - 3.8% Fixed Rate Bond due 28 August 2024 S$250,000 – Mapletree Industrial Trust – units 148,500 261,100 Mapletree US and EU Logistics Private Trust - Structured Note (EU) EUR61,000 EUR61,000 - Structured Note (USD) USD200,000 USD200,000 Mapletree North Asia Commercial Trust - 3.5% Perpetual Bond S$250,000 S$250,000 Mapletree Treasury Services Limited - 3.95% SGD Variable Subordinated Bond S$250,000 S$250,000 Paragon REIT – units 28,700 59,100 Singapore Technologies Engineering Limited 4,400 2,900 Singapore Technologies Telemedia Pte Ltd - 4.1% SGD Variable Subordinated Bond S$250,000 S$250,000 - 5.5% SGD Variable Subordinated Bond S$250,000 S$250,000 Singapore Telecommunications Limited 190 190 Singtel Group Treasury Pte. Ltd. - 3.3% SGD Variable Subordinated Bond S$250,000 S$250,000 Ascott REIT MTN Pte Ltd - 5% Fixed Rate Bond due 18 May 2026 S$250,000 S$250,000 Olam International Limited - 5.375% SGD Perpetual Bond S$250,000 S$250,000 Starhub Limited - 3.95% SGD Perpetual Bond – S$250,000 Astrea 8 Pte. Ltd. - 4.35% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 19 July 2039 – S$50,000 5 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2025 Name of director and related corporations in which interests (fully paid ordinary shares unless otherwise stated) are held Holdings at beginning of the year / date of appointment Holdings at end of the year Mrs Ow Foong Pheng Singapore Airlines Limited 55,000 55,000 CapitaLand Ascott Trust – units 22,638 22,638 CapitaLand India Trust – units 56,000 56,000 Mapletree Industrial Trust – units 87,200 87,200 Mapletree Logistic Trust - units 100,730 100,730 Mapletree Australia Commercial Private Trust – units 679,758 679,758 Mapletree Europe Income Trust – units 394 394 CapitaLand Treasury Limited - 3.8% Euro Medium Term Notes due 26 June 2031 S$250,000 S$250,000 Astrea 8 Pte. Ltd. - 4.35% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 19 July 2039 – S$180,000 Mr Stanley Huang Tian Guan Paragon REIT – units 323,000 323,000 CapitaLand China Trust – units 100,000 100,000 Mapletree Industrial Trust – units – 150,000 Astrea 7 Pte. Ltd. - 4.125% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 27 May 2032 (units) 40,000 40,000 Singapore Airlines Limited 10,000 10,000 SIA Engineering Company Limited 10,000 10,000 Astrea 8 Pte. Ltd. - 4.35% Class-A1 Secured Bonds due 19 July 2039 – S$38,000 6 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Directors’ statement Year ended 31 March 2025 Except as disclosed in this statement, no director who held office at the end of the financial year had interests in shares, debentures, warrants or share options of the Company, or of related corporations, either at the beginning of the financial year, or date of appointment if later, or at the end of the financial year. Neither at the end of, nor at any time during the financial year, was the Company a party to any arrangement whose objects are, or one of whose objects is, to enable the directors of the Company to acquire benefits by means of the acquisition of shares or debentures of the Company or any other body corporate. Share options During the financial year, there were: (i) (ii) no options granted by the Company or its subsidiaries to any person to take up unissued shares in the Company; and no shares issued by virtue of any exercise of option to take up unissued shares of the Company or its subsidiaries. As at the end of the financial year, there were no unissued shares of the Company or its subsidiaries under option. On behalf of the Board of Directors ──────────────────────── MS LEONG WAI LENG Chairman ──────────────────────── MR STANLEY HUANG TIAN GUAN Director / Group Chief Executive Officer 12 June 2025 7 Independent Auditor’s Report For the financial year ended 31 March 2025 Independent Auditor’s Report to the Member of Singapore Power Limited Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements Opinion We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Singapore Power Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”), which comprise the balance sheets of the Group and the Company as at 31 March 2025, the income statements, statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in equity of the Group and the Company and statement of cash flows of the Group for the financial year then ended, and notes to the financial statements, including material accounting policy information. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Group, the balance sheet, income statement, statement of comprehensive income and statement of changes in equity of the Company are properly drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1967 (the “Act”) and Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)”) so as to give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group and of the Company as at 31 March 2025 and of the financial performance, changes in equity of the Group and the Company and consolidated cash flows of the Group for the year ended on that date. Basis for Opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with Singapore Standards on Auditing (“SSAs”). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (“ACRA”) Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Public Accountants and Accounting Entities (“ACRA Code”) together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Singapore, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the ACRA Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Other Information Management is responsible for other information. The other information comprises the directors’ statement. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 8 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Independent auditor’s report Year ended 31 March 2025 In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Responsibilities of Management and Directors for the Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with the provisions of the Act and SFRS(I), and for devising and maintaining a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide a reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorised use or disposition; and transactions are properly authorised and that they are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of true and fair financial statements and to maintain accountability of assets. In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. The directors’ responsibilities include overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process. Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with SSAs, we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also: • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control. 9 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Independent auditor’s report Year ended 31 March 2025 • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. • Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern. • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. • Plan and perform the group audit to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business units within the group as a basis for forming an opinion on the group financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and review of the audit work performed for purposes of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. We communicate with the directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements In our opinion, the accounting and other records required by the Act to be kept by the Company and by those subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore of which we are the auditors have been properly kept in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Ernst & Young LLP Public Accountants and Chartered Accountants Singapore 12 June 2025 10 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Balance sheets As at 31 March 2025 Group Company Note 2025 2024 2025 2024 $ million $ million $ million $ million Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment 4 15,802.7 14,877.7 7.8 16.7 Intangible assets 6 253.7 195.6 5.1 5.2 Investment property 7 1,353.0 – – – Investment property under development 7 – 1,168.3 – – Subsidiaries 8 – – 6,350.5 5,790.4 Associates and joint ventures 9 1,739.4 1,500.5 45.4 45.4 Other non-current assets 10 82.6 352.5 – – Deferred tax assets 11 24.7 19.5 – – Derivative assets 12 23.4 52.6 – – Investments in debt and equity securities 13 196.2 115.1 – – 19,475.7 18,281.8 6,408.8 5,857.7 Current assets Inventories 14 59.5 49.3 – – Trade and other receivables 15 924.5 990.4 2,689.8 3,750.4 Derivative assets 12 21.3 41.2 0.1 0.1 Cash and bank balances 16 1,084.0 1,076.4 0.3 0.4 Investments in debt and equity securities 13 786.8 811.1 – – 2,876.1 2,968.4 2,690.2 3,750.9 Total assets 22,351.8 21,250.2 9,099.0 9,608.6 Regulatory deferral accounts (“RDA”) debit balances and related deferred tax assets 17 36.3 121.8 – – Total assets and RDA debit balances 22,388.1 21,372.0 9,099.0 9,608.6 Equity Share capital 18 2,911.9 2,911.9 2,911.9 2,911.9 Reserves 19 (556.7) (373.6) –# –# Accumulated profits 10,290.7 10,335.4 6,104.1 6,610.7 Equity attributable to owner of the Company 12,645.9 12,873.7 9,016.0 9,522.6 Non-controlling interests 33.7 23.6 – – Total equity 12,679.6 12,897.3 9,016.0 9,522.6 Non-current liabilities Debt obligations 20 3,211.7 2,946.8 – – Derivative liabilities 12 160.1 271.0 – – Deferred tax liabilities 11 1,735.7 1,742.5 0.8 1.0 Other non-current liabilities 21 438.6 451.1 – – Lease liabilities 5 182.5 73.0 – 0.1 5,728.6 5,484.4 0.8 1.1 Current liabilities Debt obligations 20 938.4 205.6 – – Derivative liabilities 12 78.6 106.2 0.1 –# Current tax payable 517.1 486.6 23.3 25.0 Trade and other payables 22 1,785.0 1,700.8 58.8 53.6 Lease liabilities 5 19.6 11.7 –# 6.3 3,338.7 2,510.9 82.2 84.9 Total liabilities 9,067.3 7,995.3 83.0 86.0 Total equity and liabilities 21,746.9 20,892.6 9,099.0 9,608.6 RDA credit balances and related deferred tax liabilities 17 641.2 479.4 – – Total equity, liabilities and RDA credit balances 22,388.1 21,372.0 9,099.0 9,608.6 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 11 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Income statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Group Company Note 2025 2024 2025 2024 $ million $ million $ million $ million Revenue 23 6,513.7 7,370.1 801.7 881.4 Other income 24 255.2 245.5 –# 0.6 Expenses - Purchased power (3,314.1) (4,192.2) – – - Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 4 (914.9) (840.4) (10.8) (10.8) - Amortisation of intangible assets 6 (32.1) (35.3) (3.2) (5.2) - Maintenance (179.0) (166.6) (16.1) (12.6) - Staff costs (355.3) (345.9) (89.2) (85.0) - Property taxes (102.6) (94.8) (0.3) (0.3) - Other operating expenses (260.0) (224.0) (72.6) (25.5) Operating profit 1,610.9 1,716.4 609.5 742.6 Finance income 25 63.7 76.1 111.5 146.2 Finance costs 26 (99.7) (61.1) (0.1) (0.4) Share of profits of associates, net of tax 124.6 79.3 – – Share of losses of joint ventures, net of tax (1.3) (3.5) – – Profit before taxation 1,698.2 1,807.2 720.9 888.4 Tax expense 27 (288.7) (244.4) (22.5) (25.9) Profit for the year 28 1,409.5 1,562.8 698.4 862.5 Net movement in RDA balances related to profit or loss and the related deferred tax movement 17 (247.3) (450.8) – – Profit for the year and net movements in RDA balances 1,162.2 1,112.0 698.4 862.5 Profit and net movements in RDA balances attributable to: Owner of the Company 1,162.3 1,111.8 698.4 862.5 Non-controlling interests (0.1) 0.2 – – Profit for the year and net movements in RDA balances 1,162.2 1,112.0 698.4 862.5 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 12 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Statements of comprehensive income Year ended 31 March 2025 Group Company 2025 2024 2025 2024 $ million $ million $ million $ million Profit for the year and net movements in RDA balances 1,162.2 1,112.0 698.4 862.5 Other comprehensive income Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: Share of defined benefit plan remeasurements of associates 1.1 (0.2) – – 1.1 (0.2) – – Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: Translation differences relating to financial statements of foreign operations (88.5) (35.5) – – Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax (16.0) 42.5 –# 0.1 Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax (70.5) (82.9) –# – - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax 6.8 (3.7) –# 0.1 Share of hedging reserves of associate (18.0) 6.9 – – (186.2) (72.7) –# 0.2 Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax (185.1) (72.9) –# 0.2 Total comprehensive income for the year 977.1 1,039.1 698.4 862.7 Total comprehensive income for the year, attributable to: Owner of the Company 977.2 1,038.9 698.4 862.7 Non-controlling interests (0.1) 0.2 – – Total comprehensive income for the year 977.1 1,039.1 698.4 862.7 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 13 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Statements of changes in equity Year ended 31 March 2025 -------------------Attributable to owner of the Company--------------------- Share Currency Noncontrolling Total translation Hedging Other Accumulated capital reserve reserve reserves profits Total interests equity Group $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million At 1 April 2023 2,911.9 (460.4) 159.9 (0.8) 9,706.2 12,316.8 9.0 12,325.8 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year and net movement in RDA balances – – – – 1,111.8 1,111.8 0.2 1,112.0 Other comprehensive income Translation differences relating to financial statements of foreign operations – (35.5) – – – (35.5) – (35.5) Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax – – 42.5 – – 42.5 – 42.5 Net change in fair value of: Cash flow hedges reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax – – (82.9) – – (82.9) – (82.9) Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax – – (3.7) – – (3.7) – (3.7) Transfer of reserve – – – 0.6 (0.6) – – – Share of other comprehensive income of associates – – 6.9 (0.2) – 6.7 – 6.7 Total other comprehensive income – (35.5) (37.2) 0.4 (0.6) (72.9) – (72.9) Total comprehensive income for the year – (35.5) (37.2) 0.4 1,111.2 1,038.9 0.2 1,039.1 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Dividends declared (Note 35) – – – – (482.0) (482.0) – (482.0) Shares issued to noncontrolling interest of subsidiary – – – – – – 14.4 14.4 Total transactions with owner – – – – (482.0) (482.0) 14.4 (467.6) At 31 March 2024 2,911.9 (495.9) 122.7 (0.4) 10,335.4 12,873.7 23.6 12,897.3 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 14 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Statements of changes in equity (continued) Year ended 31 March 2025 -------------------Attributable to owner of the Company--------------------- Share Currency Noncontrolling Total translation Hedging Other Accumulated capital reserve reserve reserves profits Total interests equity Group $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million $ million At 1 April 2024 2,911.9 (495.9) 122.7 (0.4) 10,335.4 12,873.7 23.6 12,897.3 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year and net movement in RDA balances – – – – 1,162.3 1,162.3 (0.1) 1,162.2 Other comprehensive income Translation differences relating to financial statements of foreign operations – (88.5) – – – (88.5) – (88.5) Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax – – (16.0) – – (16.0) – (16.0) Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax – – (70.5) – – (70.5) – (70.5) - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on balance sheet, net of tax – – 6.8 – – 6.8 – 6.8 - Transfer of reserve – – – 2.0 (2.0) – – – Share of other comprehensive income of associates – – (18.0) 1.1 – (16.9) – (16.9) Total other comprehensive income – (88.5) (97.7) 3.1 (2.0) (185.1) – (185.1) Total comprehensive income for the year – (88.5) (97.7) 3.1 1,160.3 977.2 (0.1) 977.1 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Dividends declared (Note 35) – – – – (1,205.0) (1,205.0) – (1,205.0) Shares issued to noncontrolling interest of subsidiary – – – – – – 10.2 10.2 Total transactions with owner – – – – (1,205.0) (1,205.0) 10.2 (1,194.8) At 31 March 2025 2,911.9 (584.4) 25.0 2.7 10,290.7 12,645.9 33.7 12,679.6 The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 15 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Statements of changes in equity (continued) Year ended 31 March 2025 Company Share Hedging Accumulated capital reserve profits Total $ million $ million $ million $ million At 1 April 2023 2,911.9 (0.2) 6,230.2 9,141.9 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year – – 862.5 862.5 Other comprehensive income Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, – 0.1 – 0.1 net of tax Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on – 0.1 – 0.1 balance sheet, net of tax Total other comprehensive income – 0.2 – 0.2 Total comprehensive income for the year – 0.2 862.5 862.7 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Dividends declared (Note 35) – – (482.0) (482.0) Total transactions with owner – – (482.0) (482.0) At 31 March 2024 2,911.9 – # 6,610.7 9,522.6 At 1 April 2024 2,911.9 – # 6,610.7 9,522.6 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit for the year – – 698.4 698.4 Other comprehensive income Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges, – – # – – # net of tax Net change in fair value of: - Cash flow hedges on recognition of the hedged items on – – # – – # balance sheet, net of tax Total other comprehensive income – – # – – # Total comprehensive income for the year – – # 698.4 698.4 Transactions with owner, recognised directly in equity Dividends declared (Note 35) – – (1,205.0) (1,205.0) Total transactions with owner – – (1,205.0) (1,205.0) At 31 March 2025 2,911.9 – # 6,104.1 9,016.0 # Amount is less than $0.1 million The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 16 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Consolidated statement of cash flows Year ended 31 March 2025 Note 2025 2024 $ million $ million Cash flows from operating activities Profit for the year and net movements in RDA balances 1,162.2 1,112.0 Adjustments for: Finance income 25 (63.7) (76.1) Finance costs 26 99.7 61.1 Share of profits of associates and joint ventures, net of tax (123.3) (75.8) Deferred income (19.8) (20.0) RDA debit or credit balances and related deferred tax assets or liabilities 17 247.3 450.8 Depreciation and amortisation 947.0 875.7 Write-down of inventory 14 4.2 9.7 Impairment/(reversal) of expected credit loss on trade receivables, net 15a 0.4 (8.7) Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment 4 37.0 – Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 0.6 0.7 Change in fair value of investment property / investment property under development 24 (103.1) (98.7) Exchange gain, unrealised (4.0) (5.9) Tax expense 27 288.7 244.4 Others 3.7 (2.3) 2,476.9 2,466.9 Changes in working capital: Inventories (15.3) 1.9 Trade and other receivables and contract assets 106.6 35.1 Balances with related parties (trade) (3.3) (33.5) Trade and other payables (39.8) (334.3) Cash generated from operations 2,525.1 2,136.1 Interest received 38.7 51.4 Net tax paid (246.4) (165.3) Net cash generated from operating activities 2,317.4 2,022.2 The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 17 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Consolidated statement of cash flows (continued) Year ended 31 March 2025 Note 2025 2024 $ million $ million Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment (1,604.7) (1,296.4) Purchase of intangible assets (51.8) (35.0) Additions to investment property (81.6) (200.7) Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 1.4 5.9 Dividends received from associates and joint venture 46.0 74.5 Loans to joint ventures (14.6) (11.1) Proceeds from redemption of debt securities 1,465.1 1,061.1 Payments for investments in debt securities (1,490.6) (1,236.4) Acquisition of other investments (9.4) (15.9) Acquisition of interest in associates and joint venture (7.2) (5.0) Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired 29 (33.4) (120.7) Net cash used in investing activities (1,780.8) (1,779.7) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from shares issued to non-controlling interest of subsidiary 10.2 14.4 Repayment of debt obligations (333.2) (7.9) Proceeds from debt obligations 1,124.5 26.9 Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities (40.2) (19.4) Dividends paid to owner of the Company (1,205.0) (482.0) Debt issuance cost (8.3) – Interest paid (71.8) (67.4) Restricted bank balances (2.1) – Net cash used in financing activities (525.9) (535.4) Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 10.7 (292.9) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 1,076.4 1,373.9 Effect of exchange rate changes on balances held in foreign currencies (5.2) (4.6) Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 16 1,081.9 1,076.4 The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements. 18 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Notes to the financial statements These notes form an integral part of the financial statements. The financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 12 June 2025. 1 Domicile and activities Singapore Power Limited (the “Company”) is incorporated in the Republic of Singapore and has its registered office at 2 Kallang Sector, SP Group Building, Singapore 349277. The immediate and ultimate holding company is Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited, a company incorporated in the Republic of Singapore. The principal activities of the Company are that of investment holding and provision of management support services. Its subsidiaries are engaged principally in: - transmission and distribution of electricity and gas, provision of related consultancy services and investments in related projects. - provision of district cooling service. - owning and operating of renewable energy assets, provision of self-generated electricity from these renewable energy resources. - leasing of an investment property for rental income and provision of related ancillary services. The consolidated financial statements relate to the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group”) and the Group’s interests in associates and joint ventures (collectively referred to as “Group entities”). 2 Basis of preparation 2.1 Statement of compliance The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Singapore Financial Reporting Standards (International) (“SFRS(I)”). 2.2 Basis of measurement The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except as disclosed in the accounting policies set out below. 2.3 Functional and presentation currency These financial statements are presented in Singapore dollars, which is the Company’s functional currency. Each entity in the Group determines its own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. All financial information presented in Singapore dollars has been rounded to the nearest 0.1 million, unless otherwise stated. 19 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 2.4 Use of estimates and judgements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with SFRS(I) requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. Information about critical judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements is discussed below: Taxation Significant judgement is required in determining provision for taxes. There are many transactions and calculations during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made. Details are set out in Note 11 and Note 27. Impairment of associates Impairment reviews in respect of associates are performed when there is any indication that the investment in associates may be impaired. More regular reviews are performed if changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicate potential impairment. The Group uses the present value of future cash flows to determine the recoverable amounts of the underlying cash generating units in the associates. In calculating the recoverable amounts, significant management judgement is required in forecasting cash flows of the cash generating units, in estimating the terminal growth values and in selecting an appropriate discount rate. Estimating fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities must be estimated for recognition, measurement and disclosure purposes. Note 33 sets out the basis of valuation of financial assets and liabilities. Accrued revenue Revenue accrual estimates are made to account for the unbilled period between the end-user’s last billing date and the end of the accounting period. The accrual relies on detailed analysis of customers’ historical consumption patterns, which takes into account base usage and sensitivity to consumption growth. The results of this analysis are applied for the number of days over the unbilled period. 20 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Regulatory deferral accounts Regulatory deferral account debit or credit balances represent timing differences between revenue recognised for financial reporting purposes (as set out in Note 3.16) and revenue earned for regulatory purposes. Revenue earned for regulatory purposes is estimated based on the revenue allowed by the Energy Market Authority (“EMA”) (in accordance with the price regulation framework), taking into consideration the services rendered, sale and volume of electricity and gas delivered to consumers. Note 3.14 sets out the accounting policy for regulatory deferral accounts. Valuation of investment property / investment property under development The Group carries its investment property / investment property under development at fair value with changes in fair value being recognised in the profit or loss, determined annually by an independent professional valuer on the highest and best use basis. In determining the fair value, the valuer has used valuation techniques which involves certain estimates. The key assumptions to determine the fair value of investment property / investment property under development include the market-corroborated capitalisation rate, expected internal rate of return, terminal yield, gross development value and estimated construction costs to complete. In relying on the valuation reports, management has exercised judgment to ensure that the valuation methods and estimates are reflective of current market conditions. The carrying amount of investment property / investment property under development and the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the investment property are disclosed in Notes 7 and 33. 2.5 Changes in accounting policies Adoption of new and revised SFRS(I)s and Interpretation to SFRS(I) The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year except that in the current financial year, the Group has adopted all the new and revised standards which are effective for annual financial periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024. The adoption of these standards did not have any material effect on the financial performance or position of the Group. 21 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 3 Material accounting policy information The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently for all periods presented in these financial statements, and have been consistently applied by the Group entities. 3.1 Basis of consolidation Business combinations Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method as at the acquisition date, which is the date on which control is transferred to the Group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. In assessing control, the Group takes into consideration potential voting rights that are currently exercisable. The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts are generally recognised in profit or loss. Costs related to the acquisition, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, that the Group incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. Any contingent consideration payable is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date and included in the consideration transferred. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss. For non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the acquiree’s net assets in the event of liquidation, the Group elects on a transaction-by-transaction basis whether to measure them at fair value, or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets, at the acquisition date. All other non-controlling interests are measured at acquisition-date fair value, or, when applicable, on the basis specified in another standard. Any excess or deficiency of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed is accounted for as goodwill or bargain purchase gain (see Note 3.4). Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. In the Company’s separate financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment losses. 22 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Loss of control Upon the loss of control, the Group de-recognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any non-controlling interests and the other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any surplus or deficit arising on the loss of control is recognised in profit or loss. If the Group retains any interest in the previous subsidiary, then such interest is measured at fair value at the date that control is lost. Subsequently, it is accounted for as an equity-accounted investee or as an equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income depending on the level of influence retained. Joint arrangements A joint arrangement is a contractual arrangement whereby two or more parties have joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. To the extent the joint arrangement provides the Group with rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to the arrangement, the arrangement is a joint operation. To the extent the joint arrangement provides the Group with rights to the net assets of the arrangement, the arrangement is a joint venture. The Group recognises its interest in a joint venture as an investment and accounts for the investment using the equity method. The accounting policy for investment in joint venture is set out below. Investments in associates and joint ventures (equity-accounted investees) An associate is an entity over which the Group has the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but does not have control or joint control of those policies. Investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method (equityaccounted investees) and are recognised initially at cost. The Group’s investments in equityaccounted investees include goodwill identified on acquisition, net of any accumulated impairment losses. The consolidated financial statements include the Group’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the equity-accounted investees, after adjustments to align the accounting policies of the equity-accounted investees with those of the Group, from the date that significant influence or joint control commences until the date that significant influence or joint control ceases. When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in an equity-accounted investee, the carrying amount of the investment, together with any long-term interests that form part thereof, is reduced to zero and the recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has an obligation to fund the investee’s operations or has made payments on behalf of the investee. 23 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Acquisition of non-controlling interests Acquisitions of non-controlling interests are accounted for as transactions with owners in their capacity as owners and therefore no goodwill is recognised as a result of such transactions. The adjustments to non-controlling interests arising from transactions that do not involve the loss of control are based on a proportionate amount of the net assets of the subsidiary. Any difference between the adjustment to non-controlling interests and the fair value of consideration paid is recognised directly in equity and presented as part of equity attributable to owners of the Company. Transactions eliminated on consolidation Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income or expenses arising from intragroup transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. Accounting for subsidiaries and joint ventures by the Company Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures are stated in the Company’s balance sheet at cost less accumulated impairment losses. 3.2 Foreign currencies Foreign currency transactions Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. The functional currencies of the Group entities are mainly Singapore dollars, Australian dollars, Vietnamese Dong, Thai Baht, and Chinese Yuan Renminbi. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currencies at the exchange rate at the reporting date. The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items is the difference between amortised cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the year, adjusted for effective interest and payments during the year, and the amortised cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the year. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the date on which the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items in a foreign currency that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences arising on translation are recognised in profit or loss, except for differences arising on the translation of a financial liability designated as a hedge of the net investment in a foreign operation that is effective, an equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income, or qualifying cash flow hedges which are recognised in other comprehensive income. 24 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Foreign operations The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, excluding goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated to Singapore dollars for presentation in these financial statements at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to Singapore dollars at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive income, and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve (“translation reserve”) in equity. However, if the foreign operation is a non-wholly-owned subsidiary, then the relevant proportionate share of the translation difference is allocated to the non-controlling interests. When a foreign operation is disposed of, such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. When the Group disposes of only part of its interest in a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation while retaining control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to non-controlling interests. When the Group disposes of only part of its investment in an associate or joint venture that includes a foreign operation while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. When the settlement of a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, foreign exchange gains and losses arising from such a monetary item are considered to form part of a net investment in a foreign operation. These are recognised in other comprehensive income, and are presented in the translation reserve in equity. 3.3 Property, plant and equipment Recognition and measurement Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for their intended use, and the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located and capitalised borrowing cost. Capitalisation of borrowing costs will cease when the asset is ready for its intended use. Cost may also include transfers from equity of any gain or loss on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment. Purchased software that is integral to the functionality of the related equipment is capitalised as part of that equipment. When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. The gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and is recognised net within other income/other operating expenses in profit or loss. 25 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Subsequent costs The cost of replacing a component of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the component will flow to the Group, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced component is de-recognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Depreciation Depreciation is based on the cost of an asset less its residual value. Significant components of individual assets are assessed and if a component has a useful life that is different from the remainder of that asset, that component is depreciated separately. Depreciation is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property, plant and equipment. Freehold land and constructionin-progress are not depreciated. The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows: Leasehold land Over the term of the lease, ranging from 3 – 99 years Buildings, office and tunnels 1 – 40 years or the lease term, if shorter Plant and machinery - Mains (Electricity) 10 – 30 years - Mains (Gas) 5 – 50 years or the lease term, if shorter - Transformers and switchgear 20 – 30 years - Solar plants and related equipment 10 – 25 years Other plant and equipment (principally gas 1 – 40 years storage plant, remote control and meters) Motor vehicles and office equipment 1 – 10 years Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end, and adjusted if appropriate. 3.4 Intangible assets Goodwill Goodwill that arises upon the acquisition of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets and represents the excess of: - the fair value of the consideration transferred; plus - the recognised amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; plus - if the business combination is achieved in stages, the fair value of the pre-existing equity interest in the acquiree, over the net recognised amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. When the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognised immediately in profit or loss. 26 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Subsequent measurement Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses. In respect of equity-accounted investees, the carrying amount of goodwill is included in the carrying amount of the investment, and an impairment loss on such an investment is not allocated to any asset, including goodwill, that forms part of the carrying amount of the equity-accounted investee. Other intangible assets Other intangible assets with finite useful lives are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Expenditure on internally generated goodwill is recognised in profit or loss as an expense when incurred. Intangible assets that have indefinite lives or that are not available for use are stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Software is stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 2 to 10 years. Deferred expenditure relates mainly to contributions paid by the Group in accordance with regulatory requirements towards capital expenditure costs incurred by electricity generation companies and onshore receiving facility operator, and is stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Deferred expenditure is amortised on a straightline basis over the period in which the Group derives benefits from the capital contribution payments, which is generally the useful life of the relevant equipment ranging from 7 to 23 years. Research costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalised development costs arising from development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Group can demonstrate the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale, its intention to complete and its ability to use or sell the asset, how the asset will generate future economic benefits, the availability of resources to complete and the ability to measure reliably the expenditures during the development. Following initial recognition of the capitalised development costs as an intangible asset, it is carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the intangible asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. Capitalised development costs have a finite useful life and are amortised over the period of 5 years on a straight line basis. Feed-in tariff and customer contracts represent the fair value of power purchase agreements acquired from business acquisitions and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Feed-in tariff and customer contracts are amortised on a straightline basis over the remaining period of the contract, which ranges from 15 to 24 years. Intangible assets under construction are stated at cost. No amortisation is provided until the intangible assets are ready for use. 3.5 Investment property Investment property is property held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both, but not for sale in the ordinary course of business, use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes. Investment property is measured at cost on initial recognition and subsequently at fair value with any change therein recognised in profit and loss. 27 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the investment property. The cost of self-constructed investment property includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the investment property under development to a working condition for their intended use and capitalised borrowing costs. Any gain or loss on disposal of an investment property (calculated as the difference between the net proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the item) is recognised in profit or loss. When the use of a property changes such that it is reclassified as property, plant and equipment, its fair value at the date of reclassification becomes its cost for subsequent accounting. Property that is being constructed for future use as investment property ment is accounted for at fair value. 3.6 Financial instruments Non-derivative financial assets Initial recognition and measurement Financial assets are recognised when, and only when the entity becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. At initial recognition, the Group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss. Trade receivables are measured at the amount of consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third party, if the trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component at initial recognition. Subsequent measurement Investments in debt instruments Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Group’s business model for managing the asset and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset. The measurement categories for classification of debt instruments are: (i) Amortised cost Financial assets that are held for the collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less impairment. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the assets are derecognised or impaired, and through the amortisation process. 28 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 (ii) Fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) Financial assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. Financial assets measured at FVOCI are subsequently measured at fair value. Any gains or losses from changes in fair value of the financial assets are recognised in other comprehensive income, except for impairment losses, foreign exchange gains and losses and interest calculated using the effective interest method are recognised in profit or loss. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment when the financial asset is de-recognised. (iii) Fair value through profit or loss Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it arises. Investments in equity instruments On initial recognition of an investment in equity instrument that is not held for trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI. Dividends from such investments are to be recognised in profit or loss when the Group’s right to receive payments is established. For investments in equity instruments which the Group has not elected to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI, changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss. De-recognition The Group de-recognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and bank deposits. Non-derivative financial liabilities Initial recognition and measurement Financial liabilities are recognised when, and only when, the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Group determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition. 29 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus in the case of financial liabilities not at fair value through profit or loss, directly attributable transaction costs. For financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, directly attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss incurred. Subsequent measurement After initial recognition, financial liabilities that are not carried at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are de-recognised, and through the amortisation process. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. De-recognition A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. On de-recognition, the difference between the carrying amounts and the consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss. Offsetting Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented on the balance sheets when, and only when, the Group has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The rights of offset must not be contingent on a future event and must be enforceable in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of all the counterparties to the contract. Ordinary shares Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting The Group holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met. Derivatives are initially measured at fair value and any directly attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognised in profit or loss. The Group designates certain derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments as hedging instruments in qualifying hedging relationships. At inception of designated hedging relationships, the Group documents the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Group also documents the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument, including whether the changes in cash flows of the hedged item and hedging instrument are expected to offset each other. 30 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 The Group applies hedge accounting for certain hedging relationships which qualify for hedge accounting. For the purpose of hedge accounting, hedges are classified as: • cash flow hedges when hedging exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognised firm commitment; or • fair value hedges when hedging the exposure to changes in fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised firm commitment. Cash flow hedges When a derivative is designated as the hedging instrument in a hedge of the variability in cash flows attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction that could affect profit or loss, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in other comprehensive income and presented in the hedging reserve in equity. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised immediately in profit or loss. When the hedged item is a non-financial asset, the amount accumulated in equity is included in the carrying amount of the asset when the asset is recognised. In other cases, the amount accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit and loss in the same period that the hedged item affects profit or loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the designation is revoked, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income will remain in the cash flow hedge reserve until the future cash flows occur if the hedged future cash flows are still expected to occur or reclassified to profit or loss immediately if the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur. Fair value hedges Changes in the fair value of a derivative hedging instrument designated as a fair value hedge are recognised in profit or loss. The hedged item is adjusted to reflect changes in its fair value in respect of the risk being hedged; the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk is recognised in profit or loss with an adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item. Intra-group financial guarantees in the separate financial statements Financial guarantees are financial instruments issued by the Group that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for the loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to meet payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantees issued are initially measured at fair value and the initial fair value is amortised over the life of the guarantees. Subsequent to initial measurement, the financial guarantees are measured at the higher of the amortised amount and the amount of loss allowance. 31 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Expected credit losses are measured for financial guarantees issued as the expected payments to reimburse the holder less any amounts that the Group expects to recover. 3.7 Impairment Non-derivative financial assets The Group recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss and financial guarantee contracts. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms. ECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is recognised for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of timing of the default (a lifetime ECL). For trade receivables and contract assets, the Group applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, the Group applies the low credit risk simplification. At every reporting date, the Group evaluates whether the debt instrument is considered to have low credit risk using all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. The Group considers a financial asset potentially in default when contractual payments are 180 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows. Non-financial assets The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amounts are estimated. For goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, recoverable amount is estimated each year at the same time. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its related cash-generating unit (“CGU”) exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. 32 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGU. Subject to an operating segment ceiling test, for the purposes of goodwill impairment testing, CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. The Group’s corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows and are utilised by more than one CGU. Corporate assets are allocated to CGUs on a reasonable and consistent basis and tested for impairment as part of the testing of the CGU to which the corporate asset is allocated. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. Such reversal of impairment is recognised in profit or loss. Goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in an associate or a joint venture is not recognised separately, and therefore is not tested for impairment separately. Instead, the entire amount of the investment in an associate or a joint venture is tested for impairment as a single asset when there is objective evidence that the investment in an associate or a joint venture may be impaired. 3.8 Accrued revenue Revenue accrual estimates are made to account for the unbilled amount at the reporting date. 3.9 Contract balances Progress billings to customers are based on a payment schedule in the contract and are typically triggered upon achievement of specified contractual milestones. A contract asset is recognised when the Group has performed under the contract but has not yet billed the customer. Conversely, a contract liability is recognised when the Group has not yet performed under the contract but has received advanced payments from the customer. Contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights to consideration become unconditional. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue as the Group performs under the contract. Contract assets are subject to impairment assessment. Note 3.7 sets out the accounting policy on impairment of financial assets. 33 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 3.10 Provisions A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Environmental Environmental provision is made for the rehabilitation of sites based on the estimated costs of the rehabilitation. The liability includes the costs of reclamation, plant closure and dismantling, and waste site closure. The liability is determined based on the present value of the obligation. Annual adjustments to the liability are recognised in profit or loss over the estimated life of the sites. The costs are estimated based on assumptions of current legal requirements and technologies. Any changes in estimates are dealt with on a prospective basis. Onerous contracts A provision for onerous contracts is recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Group from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Group recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract. 3.11 Government grant Capital grant is recognised on a straight-line basis and taken to profit or loss over the periods necessary to match the depreciation of the assets purchased with the government grants. Operating grant is taken to profit or loss on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred. 3.12 Deferred construction cost compensation Deferred construction cost compensation received to defray costs relating to the construction of an asset are accounted for as a government grant. Note 3.11 sets out the government grant accounting policy. 3.13 Deferred income Deferred income comprises (i) government grants for the purchase of depreciable assets, (ii) contributions made by certain customers towards the cost of capital projects received prior to 1 July 2009 and (iii) compensation received to defray operating expenses. Government grants and customer contributions Deferred income is recognised on a straight-line basis and taken to profit or loss over the periods necessary to match the depreciation of the assets purchased with the government grants and customers’ contribution. 34 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 3.14 Regulatory deferral account (“RDA”) debit or credit balances Use of system charges, transportation of gas, district cooling services and Market Support Services fees Regulatory deferral account debit or credit balances represent timing differences between revenue recognised for financial reporting purposes and revenue earned for regulatory purposes. Movements in the regulatory deferral account debit or credit balances are recognised in profit or loss over the periods necessary to adjust revenue recognised for financial reporting purposes to revenue earned for regulatory purposes based on services rendered. At the end of each regulatory period, adjustments for amounts to be recovered or refunded are taken to profit or loss as net movement in regulatory deferral account balances. 3.15 Price regulation and licence The Group’s operations in Singapore are regulated under the Electricity Licence for Transmission Licensee, Electricity Licence for Market Support Services Licensee, Gas Licence, and the District Cooling Services Licence issued by the Energy Market Authority (“EMA”) of Singapore. Allowed revenue to be earned from the supply and transmission of electricity, transportation of gas and the provision of market support services is regulated based on certain formulae and parameters set out in those licences, relevant acts and codes. Allowed revenue for district cooling corresponds to the quantum which the Group is entitled to under Condition 13 (Economic Regulation) of its District Cooling Services Licence issued by the Energy Market Authority of Singapore. Revenue recognised for financial reporting purposes may differ from revenue earned for regulatory purposes due to revenue or volume variances. This may result in adjustments that may increase or decrease tariffs in succeeding periods. Amounts to be recovered or refunded are brought to account as adjustments to net movement in regulatory deferral account debit or credit balances in the income statement in the period in which the Group becomes entitled to the recovery or liable for the refund. The Group’s capital expenditure may vary from its regulatory plan and is subject to a review by the EMA. The results of the variances in capital expenditure may be translated into price adjustments, if any, in the following reset period. The use of system charges, transportation of gas charges and allowed revenue to be recovered from Market Support Services fees are approved by the EMA for a 5-year regulatory period in accordance with the price regulation framework. 35 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 3.16 Revenue recognition Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Revenue is recognised when the Group satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to the customer, which is when the customer obtains control of the good or service. A performance obligation may be satisfied at a point in time or over time. The amount of revenue recognised is the amount allocated to the satisfied performance obligation. Sale of electricity Revenue from the sale of electricity is recognised over time when electricity is delivered to consumers, or upon transmission to the power grid. Use of system charges and transportation of gas Revenue from use of system charges and transportation of gas is recognised over time based on tariff billings to customers when the volume of electricity and gas is delivered. Revenue from take-or-pay arrangements relating to the transportation of gas is recognised when it is probable that such revenue is receivable. District cooling service income Income from services is recognised over time when the services are rendered. Agency fees and Market Support Services fees Agency fees from acting as billing agent and fees for services provided as the Market Support Services Licensee are recognised over time when the services are rendered. Dividend income Dividend income is recognised on the date that the Group’s right to receive payment is established. Rental income Rental income is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Support service income and management fees Support service income and management fees are recognised when the services are rendered. 36 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Meters supply and installation fees The Group entered into a contract with customer to provide meters and installation services. Management has considered that the meters have no alternative use for the Group due to contractual restrictions, and the Group has enforceable rights to payment for performance completed to date, arising from the contractual terms. Accordingly, revenue is recognised over the period of the contract by reference to the progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. The measure of progress is determined based on the proportion of costs incurred to date to the estimated total contract costs (“input method”). Costs incurred that are not related to the contract or that do not contribute towards satisfying the performance obligation are excluded from the measure of progress and instead are expensed as incurred. Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion are revised if circumstances change. Any resulting increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in the profit or loss in the period in which the circumstances that give rise to the revision become known by management. 3.17 Leases The Group assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. As lessor Leases in which the Group does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term. Rental income under operating leases are recognised in profit or loss over the term of the lease. Where assets are leased under a finance lease, the present value of the lease payments is recognised as a receivable. The difference between the gross receivable and the present value of the receivable is recognised as unearned finance income. Lease income is recognised over the lease term using the net investment method, which reflects a constant periodic rate of return. Contingent rental income is recognised in profit or loss in the accounting period in which they are incurred. As lessee The Group applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for shortterm leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets. 37 Singapore Power Limited and its subsidiaries Financial statements Year ended 31 March 2025 Right-of-use assets The Group recognises right-of-use

Consumption_Gas Average consumption of Gas (kWh) Premises Types Feb-24 Mar-24 Apr-24 May-24 Jun-24 Jul-24 Aug-24 Sep-24 Oct-24 Nov-24 Dec-24 Jan-25 HDB 1-Room 38 37 38 35 34 33 35 35 34 35 34 34 HDB 2-Room 38 38 40 37 34 34 36 36 34 35 35 35 HDB 3-Room 52 53 56 50 48 47 51 51 49 50 49 49 HDB 4-Room 64 66 69 62 58 58 62 63 61 62 60 60 HDB 5-Room 70 73 77 68 64 63 69 70 68 69 66 65 HDB Executive 74 78 82 73 68 68 72 74 72 73 69 68 Apartment 91 94 93 80 76 77 82 86 88 88 85 84 Terrace 108 120 114 93 97 98 98 105 107 108 108 99 Semi-Detached 120 133 130 117 105 115 115 120 117 120 117 115 Bungalow 192 220 234 209 168 197 185 198 206 202 179 195

CPMS Annual Assessment FY22/23 (1 st April 2022– 31 st March 2023) For FY22/23, the top 5 contractors who obtained the highest overall Annual Score are as listed below in alphabetical order and not in any ranking sequence - Top 5 Contractors HIAP ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD HYUNDAI ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD LIH MING CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD MO GUAN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PTE LTD YEW ANN CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD As per our CPMS Policy, the top 5 contractors for the assessment year will be given an incentive of 2% of the total annual value of their respective contracts capped at S$100,000.00 per year per contractor. The bottom 2 contractors (listed in alphabetical order) for the annual assessment are as shown below: Last 2 Contractors HI POWER PTE LTD TAIHAN CABLE & SOLUTION CO., LTD. With immediate effect, as per CPMS Policy 6.0, the 2 contractors with the lowest annual scores will be subjected to a penalty deduction to their PQS scores in all subsequent SP Group tenders published during the next Assessment Year. In addition, they would also have to comply with performance improvement requirements specified by SP Group to address areas of deficiency. SP Group 2 Kallang Sector, Singapore 349277, www.spgroup.com.sg

新 能 源 推 出 手 机 应 用 程 序 帮 消 费 者 省 电 省 水 陈 紫 筠 报 道 ziyun@sph.com.sg 新 能 源 服 务 公 司 推 出 智 能 手 机 应 用 程 序 , 以 协 助 消 费 者 节 省 用 电 用 水 。 这 项 应 用 程 序 在 新 能 源 服 务 公 司 、 能 源 市 场 管 理 局 及 公 用 事 业 局 联 合 推 行 的 试 验 计 划 下 推 出 。 除 了 获 知 更 多 有 关 耗 电 与 耗 水 量 的 信 息 , 用 户 也 能 通 过 应 用 程 序 跟 同 个 邻 里 用 户 做 比 较 。 这 项 试 验 计 划 只 针 对 于 去 年 9 月 15 日 及 之 前 登 记 成 为 网 上 水 电 户 头 用 户 的 约 31 万 名 公 众 。 他 们 可 从 即 日 起 在 iTunes 和 Google P l a y S t o r e 下 载 应 用 程 序 “ S P Services”, 通 过 应 用 程 序 查 询 过 去 的 水 电 耗 量 。 此 外 , 用 户 也 能 估 计 家 中 电 器 的 水 电 耗 量 , 从 中 了 解 哪 些 电 器 耗 费 最 多 能 源 和 水 源 。 他 们 可 为 节 省 用 电 和 水 源 设 定 目 标 , 同 时 了 解 节 省 电 量 和 用 水 量 的 实 际 建 议 。 试 验 计 划 从 本 月 起 进 行 至 4 月 , 新 能 源 将 在 这 期 间 收 集 相 关 资 料 和 公 众 反 馈 , 以 改 进 应 用 程 序 的 功 能 , 过 后 再 把 计 划 推 广 给 全 国 人 民 。 新 能 源 服 务 公 司 董 事 经 理 郑 月 宝 指 出 , 公 司 加 强 手 机 和 网 络 平 台 的 功 能 , 是 希 望 提 高 顾 客 对 能 源 效 率 的 意 识 , 让 他 们 了 解 保 护 水 源 的 重 要 性 , 而 这 将 有 助 他 公 众 可 通 过 新 推 出 的 应 用 程 序 为 节 省 用 电 和 水 源 设 定 目 标 , 并 了 解 如 何 节 省 电 量 和 用 水 量 。 ( 新 能 源 服 务 公 司 提 供 ) 们 节 省 费 用 。 欲 知 更 多 关 于 试 验 计 划 的 详 情 , 公 众 可 电 邮 到 c s o n l i n e @singaporepower.com.sg, 或 拨 电 1800-738-2000 询 问 。 公 众 也 能 通 过 网 站 www.singaporepower.com.sg/ SPServicesMobile 观 看 如 何 使 用 应 用 程 序 的 视 频 。

Media Advisory Recruitment Scam Recruitment Scam Singapore, 24 August 2018 – SP Group has been alerted to cases of fraudulent recruiters claiming to be our Human Resource officers. Scammers would contact prospective applicants, conduct interviews over online channels, and thereafter offer them fake jobs at SP Group. To our knowledge, the scammers largely target recipients outside Singapore. Please be aware of unsolicited contact offering jobs, whether by phone, email or other channels. Verify the source of such communication before revealing personal information or providing consent of any kind.

Utility Bill Avg_With Gas Utility Bill Average ($) for households with gas Premises Types Feb-25 Mar-25 Apr-25 May-25 Jun-25 Jul-25 Aug-25 Sep-25 Oct-25 Nov-25 Dec-25 Jan-26 HDB 1-Room 77.04 73.76 80.08 82.78 87.43 83.34 86.23 82.42 81.64 83.97 78.63 77.93 HDB 2-Room 89.30 85.50 92.72 97.00 100.66 97.91 99.45 95.00 93.57 97.93 90.47 90.07 HDB 3-Room 112.98 109.85 119.73 124.51 129.34 124.22 126.71 122.50 121.04 124.31 116.58 115.44 HDB 4-Room 135.07 130.30 142.95 148.52 154.60 149.22 151.99 147.59 145.21 150.28 139.53 138.26 HDB 5-Room 144.01 139.05 152.34 157.84 164.50 159.46 162.46 157.97 155.35 160.85 149.14 146.83 HDB Executive 159.60 154.76 169.93 174.70 182.36 177.32 179.80 175.34 171.18 178.17 164.07 162.41 Apartment 158.33 158.04 175.68 183.56 189.46 182.17 184.14 182.73 180.50 187.96 176.05 165.34 Terrace 267.59 261.56 279.64 288.94 301.97 291.01 298.11 292.67 293.17 295.21 285.78 275.95 Semi-Detached 332.11 329.24 351.85 364.56 382.10 371.24 376.26 370.72 362.56 376.52 353.09 342.58 Bungalow 621.11 635.40 675.97 699.68 725.88 709.75 708.95 728.77 693.44 732.73 682.55 680.55 Note: The figures exclude electricity charges for PAYU customers and customers who are not purchasing electricity at the regulated tariff. Utility Bill Avg_WO Gas Utility Bill Average ($) for households without gas Premises Types Feb-25 Mar-25 Apr-25 May-25 Jun-25 Jul-25 Aug-25 Sep-25 Oct-25 Nov-25 Dec-25 Jan-26 HDB 1-Room 67.47 64.90 70.52 74.13 78.40 75.61 77.97 73.97 73.36 75.72 70.53 69.56 HDB 2-Room 80.06 76.74 83.39 87.87 91.84 89.70 91.17 86.56 85.41 89.23 82.47 81.75 HDB 3-Room 100.23 97.68 106.96 112.09 116.92 112.61 114.89 110.33 109.14 112.40 105.15 103.85 HDB 4-Room 119.36 114.92 126.86 133.11 139.31 134.99 137.35 132.51 130.31 135.32 125.42 124.11 HDB 5-Room 126.62 121.76 134.46 140.89 147.54 143.70 146.23 141.18 138.68 144.16 133.40 131.27 HDB Executive 140.97 136.47 150.92 156.71 164.42 160.31 162.51 157.57 153.76 160.51 147.39 145.83 Apartment 135.55 134.92 152.04 161.94 168.66 163.45 164.54 161.05 158.14 166.34 155.85 144.88 Terrace 240.95 235.09 253.19 263.33 276.05 267.47 273.88 266.42 265.98 269.32 259.90 252.25 Semi-Detached 301.32 299.32 321.27 335.61 352.45 342.67 347.15 340.35 333.46 344.79 323.43 314.80 Bungalow 573.47 585.41 625.30 651.42 679.81 663.52 665.92 680.97 644.28 684.59 638.58 634.59 Note: The figures exclude electricity charges for PAYU customers and customers who are not purchasing electricity at the regulated tariff.

Utility Bill Avg_With Gas Utility Bill Average ($) for households with gas Premises Types Aug-24 Sep-24 Oct-24 Nov-24 Dec-24 Jan-25 Feb-25 Mar-25 Apr-25 May-25 Jun-25 Jul-25 HDB 1-Room 87.86 87.69 83.11 84.19 79.07 78.29 77.04 73.76 80.08 82.78 87.43 83.34 HDB 2-Room 102.96 101.39 96.90 97.62 92.27 91.27 89.30 85.50 92.72 97.00 100.66 97.91 HDB 3-Room 129.94 128.83 123.83 123.57 117.18 114.72 112.98 109.85 119.73 124.51 129.34 124.22 HDB 4-Room 152.92 152.86 146.17 146.88 140.21 135.59 135.07 130.30 142.95 148.52 154.60 149.22 HDB 5-Room 161.67 162.41 156.08 156.45 149.31 142.48 144.01 139.05 152.34 157.84 164.50 159.46 HDB Executive 178.86 180.50 172.04 172.61 163.45 157.40 159.60 154.76 169.93 174.70 182.36 177.32 Apartment 181.94 191.11 186.36 183.84 175.37 163.41 158.33 158.04 175.68 183.56 189.46 182.17 Terrace 289.68 301.49 291.00 290.49 277.89 263.67 267.59 261.56 279.64 288.94 301.97 291.01 Semi-Detached 367.73 385.46 366.17 370.19 349.08 335.83 332.11 329.24 351.85 364.56 382.10 371.24 Bungalow 685.95 762.28 719.32 712.26 661.91 659.36 621.11 635.40 675.97 699.68 725.88 709.75 Note: The figures exclude electricity charges for PAYU customers and customers who are not purchasing electricity at the regulated tariff. Utility Bill Avg_WO Gas Utility Bill Average ($) for households without gas Premises Types Aug-24 Sep-24 Oct-24 Nov-24 Dec-24 Jan-25 Feb-25 Mar-25 Apr-25 May-25 Jun-25 Jul-25 HDB 1-Room 78.77 78.62 74.36 75.37 70.55 69.80 67.47 64.90 70.52 74.13 78.40 75.61 HDB 2-Room 93.80 92.26 88.22 88.72 83.62 82.58 80.06 76.74 83.39 87.87 91.84 89.70 HDB 3-Room 116.95 115.78 111.35 111.05 105.02 102.49 100.23 97.68 106.96 112.09 116.92 112.61 HDB 4-Room 137.02 136.76 130.76 131.35 125.25 120.76 119.36 114.92 126.86 133.11 139.31 134.99 HDB 5-Room 144.16 144.59 138.87 139.24 132.77 126.41 126.62 121.76 134.46 140.89 147.54 143.70 HDB Executive 160.36 161.59 153.95 154.44 146.15 140.37 140.97 136.47 150.92 156.71 164.42 160.31 Apartment 161.06 169.18 164.23 161.75 154.01 142.43 135.55 134.92 152.04 161.94 168.66 163.45 Terrace 264.59 274.69 263.93 263.37 250.88 239.06 240.95 235.09 253.19 263.33 276.05 267.47 Semi-Detached 338.46 354.82 336.52 340.26 319.77 307.20 301.32 299.32 321.27 335.61 352.45 342.67 Bungalow 638.62 711.71 667.03 661.57 617.06 610.72 573.47 585.41 625.30 651.42 679.81 663.52 Note: The figures exclude electricity charges for PAYU customers and customers who are not purchasing electricity at the regulated tariff.

B6 HOME FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 2013 FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 2013 HOME B7 Like arteries and veins that keep the body alive with a constant flow of blood, close to 26,000km of cables, more than 3,240km of gas pipelines and a 3,000-strong team of people work around the clock to keep Singapore’s lights on and air cool. Arti Mulchand speaks to the unsung heroes. POWER TRIP Lighting up Marina Bay Getting power to the people IN 2004, when Mr Peter Leong oversaw the engineering division at Premas International, which provides property management services, Singapore was hit by one of its worst blackouts in history. Piped gas supply from Indonesia to Singapore’s power stations was disrupted by a technical fault and most turbines were unable to switch to the backup source of fuel. It caused a two-hour outage affecting more than 300,000 homes. In one home in Jurong, a man had a heart attack and needed to get to a hospital. The lifts did not work. At the time, Premas managed the Jurong Town Council, to which Mr Leong provided engineering support. “I had to send our contractor up to carry him down. I saw how the residents were affected. Failure can be very serious and I know how important continuity is. I remember that even now,” recalled the 57-year-old, who joined Singapore Power (SP) PowerGrid as general manager about five years ago. That image remains with him, and has served as a constant reminder in his current role as managing director of SP PowerGrid – he has to ensure “the lights are always on” for the company’s 1.4 million customers. “Singapore is like a copper mine. There is 26,000km of copper underground because everything needs power. Just like blood needs to flow to every part of the body, electricity needs to flow to every corner of Singapore. And like the human heart, we cannot afford to fail, so we do everything we can and put every effort into ensuring nothing goes wrong.” The three main areas Singapore Power covers are: planning and strategy, that is, planning ahead for energy needs; network development, that is, building the transmission and distribution network; and network management, that is, operating and maintaining network equipment. “The team works 24/7 to ensure the health of the system. We A SERIES BROUGHT TO YOU BY Building a more resilient grid THE power grid of the future could include a large number of distributed renewable generation sources such as solar photovoltaics, energy storage facilities and energy management systems. It is also expected to be flexible and scalable, such that fluctuations in energy demand or supply will not affect the grid’s stability and reliability. A team from the National University of Singapore, headed by Associate Professor Dipti Srinivasan, is working with SP PowerGrid to look into “dynamic optimisation and energy management for smart grids”. It hopes to develop a set of computational tools that will, among other things, automatically diagnose faults so outages can be handled quickly. respond immediately to any system distress,” Mr Leong said. Temperatures of transformers are taken, insulating oil is checked, and other parameters are continuously measured – whether online or off – to ensure that Mr Peter Leong, 57, managing director of SP PowerGrid, says that energy demand in Singapore has increased dramatically between the pre-war period and now. PHOTO: LIM YAOHUI FOR THE STRAITS TIMES the power paramedics can be sent in for swift and often pre-emptive responses. Exercises are conducted for everything from network management to billing, so that if anything goes wrong, everyone knows what to do. In the last 20 years, Singapore has achieved one of the most reliable grids in the world – the average amount of outage time has gone from 27.44 minutes per person a year two decades ago, to less than half a minute now. But just like Singapore has evolved, so must the power superhighways. Mr Leong says that energy demand has increased dramatically between the pre-war period and now. Power is pumped through some 26,000km of cables to more than 10,000 transmission and distribution substations that convert electricity into the necessary voltages for various uses. “As power demand grows, it becomes more efficient to push through power with higher-voltage cables. It is not unlike Singapore’s highways. Where two lanes used to do the job, we now have the Marina Coastal Expressway, which is 10 lanes wide. As energy intensity grows, we need a bigger highway,” said Mr Leong. The North-South and East-West Electricity Cable Tunnel Project is part of that expansion. Its two 60m-deep tunnels will span 35km way below the MRT and even the sewerage system and, when completed in 2018, will reinforce Singapore’s power grid as one of the most reliable in the world, said Mr Leong. The company has been looking into how new technologies and energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic power, could impact the grid. As Mr Leong listed some of the major infrastructural projects in store for the nation – Changi Airport’s Terminal 5, Project Jewel at Changi Airport, the redevelopment of the southern waterfront and new container ports at Tuas – his eyes lighted up. “We have to plan now for tomorrow,” he said with a smile. Mr Leong, who studied electrical engineering at RMIT University in Australia and did his master’s at the National University of Singapore, began his career at the then-Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, which eventually merged with the National Productivity Board to become Spring Singapore. There, he spent 18 years with safety on his mind, operating the nation’s test lab for equipment and accessories that connected to the electricity network, then regulated by PUB, the national water agency. He did product testing and also participated in investigations into electrical deaths. When he moved on to Premas, he oversaw the maintenance and operation of equipment such as chillers, lifts and switchboards in commercial buildings and techno parks, and several town councils. But it is at Singapore Power that he has found a “better sense of purpose”, he said. “I love being able to look at how to do things differently, and I can never say that my job is done. This is a journey without a finish line.” Mr Thiam Chiong Seng helped build the Marina South substation, which powers Marina Bay Sands and Gardens by the Bay. ST PHOTO: NEO XIAOBIN Senior engineer Chu Xiao En (left) at SP PowerGrid’s Emergency Operations Centre. PHOTO: LIM YAOHUI FOR THE STRAITS TIMES MORE THAN DRAWING LINES ASK senior engineer Chu Xiao En what the biggest misconception about her job is and she will tell you it is this: “People think that planners only draw lines.” The 27-year-old works in Singapore Power’s planning and strategy division, which plans for Singapore’s electrical infrastructural needs five, 10 and even 20 years down the road. They include the need for new substations, and the renewal or decommissioning of old ones. “While the end result of a plan and review might be a line connecting two substations, a lot of analysis goes into exploring every possible option and anticipating all kinds of contingencies,” she said. The 15-strong team she belongs to gathers input from customers along Singapore Power’s transmission and distribution grid, and looks at the growth and development plans for the country, said Ms Chu, who oversees network planning for Singapore’s western region. She covers areas WHEN Mr Thiam Chiong Seng drives along the East Coast Parkway and past the Marina Bay area, it is rarely without a smile on his face. The 47-year-old engineer is the director of network development at Singapore Power (SP), where he has worked for 16 years doing high-voltage equipment installations, including at the Marina South substation. That means keeping the lights on in iconic buildings that include Marina Bay Sands, the Marina Bay Financial Centre and Gardens by the Bay. “With Marina Bay, I know that we are literally powering it. You can see and feel the impact,” he said. “That’s why it’s very exciting being in the energy business. You’re not dealing with tiny electronics. What we build is so huge so you feel a real sense of satisfaction when you see a job completed.” SP’s network development engineers develop and build the infrastructure that ensures continuous and reliable power supply to households, as well as industrial and commercial buildings. This includes forging the fit between network demand and supply, conducting simulations and doing tests and checks on equipment before it is used. “We don’t want a situation in such as Choa Chu Kang, Jurong, Woodlands and Ayer Rajah. Part of the job includes carrying out simulation studies, planning cable routes and substation sites, and figuring out how to get the best possible network at the lowest cost. Each year, her department submits an updated 10-year plan to the Energy Market Authority (EMA), which takes into account developments and changes. “The EMA works top down and we work bottom up to forecast the national energy demand,” she explained, adding that based on the latest estimates, energy demand in Singapore could grow between 2.2 per cent and 3.7 per cent each year between this year and 2023. It is that kind of work that appeals to the self-confessed applied mathematics and physics fan. “I have always been a rational and logical person so that’s what attracted me to engineering. I like that one plus one will always be which we turn the equipment on and you suddenly see ‘fireworks’. We have our biggest fireworks display on National Day and we’d like to keep it that way,” Mr Thiam said with a laugh. What makes the Marina South substation unique is that it is Singapore’s first substation that can receive bulk energy transmissions at 230 kilovolts (kV) from the power generation companies and then convert it to 22kV, which is the voltage at which some consumers can use it. Usually, power has to be converted to 66kV before being reconverted to 22kV or lower voltages, but new equipment allows it to bypass that intermediate stage. That means saving on space and equipment cost. The current capacity of the substation is 300 megavolt amperes (MVA) – meaning it can power up an area up to twice the size of Ang Mo Kio Town. “But we have also future-proofed it so it can deal with the area’s expansion,” he explained, adding that the substation is capable of servicing the area’s needs for at least the next decade. The substation also has three sets of 230kV cables to create a situation of “double redundancy”, so even if one set is knocked out, the other two function as two,” said the Singapore Power scholar who did her degree in electrical engineering at Imperial College and her master’s at Stanford University. She joined Singapore Power in 2009. The job has multiple challenges. For instance, her department is looking into the renewal of a lot of electrical infrastructure that was created in the 1980s, but there are limitations on what can be done. “Most of the renewals are done in mature estates, so you’re working with a live network. You need to have a step-by-step contingency plan for anything that might go wrong,” she explained. The four years that Ms Chu has been at Singapore Power have included a three-month stint at the company’s Melbourne-based subsidiary Jemena, and eight months in Network Management, a department tasked with ensuring that power supply to customers does not get disrupted. She worked on, for instance, the diversion of power cables that Planning for the next generation back-up, keeping the lights on. Mr Thiam got involved in the Marina South project in 2000, when his team helped outline the technical requirements for transmitting power through South-east Asia’s first Common Services Tunnel, which was being built by the Urban Redevelopment Authority at the time. Those tunnels, which sit between 2.5m and 20m underground, deliver everything from electricity to chilled water and telecommunication cables. “The Government realised the CBD (Central Business District) had to be expanded, and we were able to support them in the development,” said Mr Thiam, who oversees a department of 18, including six engineers. Mr Thiam, who studied electrical and electronic engineering at Nanyang Technological University, started out in an industrial air-conditioning company before moving to an SP subcontractor doing maintenance work on 230kV transformers. He was so impressed with Singapore Power that he ended up applying for a job. He has not looked back since. What he is especially proud of is that other countries look to Singapore for the types and technical specifications of equipment used and even quality control processes. But communicating this information can be harder than one can imagine. “In China, it would be rude to speak English, but try finding the Chinese word for cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) or polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP). Chinese is not our native language for technical terms,” he exclaimed with a laugh, referring to the types of insulation materials used in cables. His overseas exposure has also been eye-opening, not least because of the much higher tolerance level other countries have for disruptive electrical and road works. “In China and India, they understand that electrical cabling is for the good of the country. Here? We have to work at night or traffic would be obstructed, and we can work only a limited number of hours at night because residents complain about the noise,” he said, shaking his head. During the Marina South substation project, for instance, one 900m stretch of road between Anson Road and Cecil Street took almost two years to complete because work could be done only between 8pm and 4am and the noisier work had to be finished by 10pm. “In other countries, they would just block off the road and finish it up in just months.” had been laid under Upper Bukit Timah Road to make way for the construction of Downtown Line 2, which is due to be completed in 2016. “I never realised how much went into the planning of an MRT line. There is a lot of preparatory work that has to be done alongside other utility providers. I am now a lot more tolerant of road works,” said Ms Chu, whose husband is also an electrical engineer in the power sector. The time spent in Network Management made her an unlikely sympathiser when a fire broke out at SingTel’s Bukit Panjang facility in October, disrupting a range of services across the island, including her pay TV services at home. She was part of a team that, following a fault that tripped a circuit in Woodlands in 2009, had to walk along roads that had cables under them, armed with cable fault detectors and special headphones to identity the problem segment. It was about a day and a half before the segment was isolated, and only then could contractors proceed to dig up the road, find the fault and fix it. She said: “While the public was asking why there were no back-ups during the SingTel incident, I felt appreciative of what they were trying to do to restore the network. When these things happen, you are really trying your best to get things back up. I understand how challenging that can be.” And while being a planner also means gratification is much delayed, since most of the projects she has had a hand in planning have yet to become a reality, it makes the job no less fulfilling. “We get to be involved first-hand in nation-building. And I appreciate that the good performance of our network today is the result of the work of some of my mentors and the planners that have come before me. “Now, we’re planning for the next generation.” ENSURING SMOOTH OPERATIONS All fired up about keeping businesses cool SINGAPORE District Cooling’s (SDC) senior engineering officer for safety Ariff Shah Mohd proudly declares that in his seven years with the plant, there has not been a single serious accident. The plant, which spans 19,000 sq m, supplies the chilled water that keeps many buildings in the Marina Bay financial district cool. Among his responsibilities: to ensure compliance with safety measures and equipment, and make sure that all the permits for machinery are in order. “I have to cultivate a culture of safety among the staff as well as our contractors, and ensure that the plant has reliability and efficiency and operates safely. It can be tricky, and you have to be alert,” said the 39-year-old, who holds a position more often held by someone who is trained in engineering. Mr Ariff, an Institute of Technical Education graduate who studied mechanical and electrical drafting and design, toyed with the idea of becoming a policeman before ending up in IT support. Eventually, he learnt the ropes as an operations technician at a petrochemical plant on Jurong Island. That led him to a similar position at the SDC plant, which began operations in 2006. SDC is a joint venture between Singapore Power and Dalkia. After four years, he was given the opportunity to pursue a oneyear specialist diploma in workplace safety and health at Singapore Polytechnic in 2009, after which he was promoted to engineering officer for safety and projects. This year, he became senior engineering officer for safety. Today, he oversees all of the plant’s safety matters, including safety precautions that are in place, risk assessment, safety compliance and training. He is also the secretary of the plant’s 10-man safety committee, which meets once a month. This father of two is so passionate about safety that, this week, his team held its first SDC Safety Day. Some 70 spouses and children of SDC’s staff had a first-hand look at how the plant works and a lesson on why safety matters. Safety Day will now be an annual affair. Similarly, Mr Wong Toon Soon, the operations manager of Keppel District Heating and Cooling Systems (DHCS), started out in construction, doing electrical installations. Mr Wong, who is now 51 and also a father of two, became an electrical foreman after completing a full-time Industrial Technician Certificate course at Singapore Technical Institute. Mr Wong, who received his diploma in electrical engineering from Singapore Polytechnic in Neither Keppel DHCS operations manager Wong Toon Soon (above) nor Singapore District Cooling senior engineering officer for safety Ariff Shah Mohd (right) started their careers in the district cooling field, but both men now power vital aspects of their plants which provide cooling services in various parts of Singapore. ST PHOTOS: CAROLINE CHIA, NEO XIAOBIN 1991, was also keenly interested in energy efficiency, which was a buzzword in the late 1990s. He was introduced to the brand-new sector of district cooling when his company became involved in the construction of the Keppel DHCS plant in Changi Business Park, Singapore’s first district cooling system, in 1998. When completed, it would provide cooling services to businesses in the area, including commercial, banking, biomedical and wafer fabrication customers. Fascinated, he applied for a position as senior control engineer in 2003. He said: “During the construction phase, I realised they were using the latest energy-efficient technologies and I was excited at the prospect of learning more. This was my opportunity.” Just three years later, he was promoted to operations manager of all three of Keppel’s DHCS facilities. Keppel is the only other provider of district cooling services here, and services 18 customers in Changi Business Park and 18 at Biopolis. It also provides district cooling at Woodlands Wafer Fab Park. Mr Wong, who also has specialist diplomas in energy efficiency management and security networking, ensures that the plants run smoothly, and works closely with Keppel’s customers to help them maximise their efficiency gains. He was involved in setting up a DHCS plant in the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City in 2010, where he oversaw everything from its construction all the way to the time the chilled water started pumping. It has been up and running since August. At the moment, Mr Wong is planning to refresh the 13-year-old DHCS plant in Changi – Keppel’s oldest DHCS facility – with new and more efficient chiller equipment planned for next year. Keppel, which is looking into new sites for DHCS facilities, most recently secured the contract to provide district cooling to Mediapolis from the second quarter of 2015. Mr Wong is most encouraged by the growing footprint of district cooling, especially since building owners and tenants have much to benefit from this, both in terms of lower investment costs and energy savings. In the longer term, it also means having a smaller carbon footprint. “It is better for business, and better for the planet as well,” he concluded. CHILLING UNDERGROUND The world’s largest district cooling plant ALL the action at what is arguably the world’s largest district cooling plant by capacity is well hidden from public view. The plant is located five floors – about 25m – underground. The only evidence of the plant’s existence is a cleverly concealed cooling tower, which pops up above the ground facing Marina Bay Sands’ hotel building. A curtain of metal plates that allow exhaust heat to escape the tower shimmers in the sunlight, and a strategically placed water feature masks the sound of the water that flows from it. Even access to the plant, which produces 600 tonnes of chilled water per hour, is like a scene out of Alice in Wonderland – there is no signage, only a small door located at the end of the Double Helix Bridge. Stairs and a lift transport the plant’s 52 employees deeper underground. Chilled water is one of several utilities continuously pumped through a network of common services tunnels to 14 customers in the area, including Marina Bay Sands, the Marina Bay Financial Centre and One Raffles Quay. District cooling is an energy-efficient and cost-effective method to provide buildings in the area with an optimal indoor climate. In the case of Singapore District Cooling, chilled water is produced by production plants and distributed by water pipes contained within the common services tunnels. Specially designed units within each building draw on the cooling properties of the water to, for instance, lower the temperature of the air passing through the air-conditioning system. There are three interconnected plants in Marina Bay spanning a total of about 19,000 sq m – the other two plants are at One Raffles Quay and One Marina Boulevard – and there are plans to grow this to five plants, so more than eight million sq m can ultimately be serviced. The success of a cooling plant lies in being able to maintain the temperature of continuous water flow at under 6 deg C. At Singapore District Cooling, that standard is met 99.9999 per cent of the time. Using a district cooling facility – as opposed to having to build and install their own plant rooms and cooling towers – helps make businesses in the area about 30 per cent more energy-efficient. In temperate countries, similar networks can be used to supply heating, as is the case with Keppel’s District Heating and Cooling Systems plant at the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City in China. Keppel also has three district cooling plants. They are located in Changi Business Park, Biopolis and Woodlands. While it is more common in the United States and the Middle East, district cooling is catching on in Asia, said Singapore District Cooling managing director Jimmy Khoo, adding that the Marina South substation is a “true success story for Singapore”.